Definition of distinct consumer modelling approaches for the participation in Demand Response programs considering distributed generation

The increasing use of Distributed Generation (DG) resources, as well as the introduction of Demand Response (DR) resources has motivated significant changes in the context of competitive electricity markets and smart grids. The methodology proposed in this paper aims to allow scheduling the DG and DR programs resources, considering the implementation of distinct approaches for DR programs remuneration, such as, Steps, Quadratic, Constant, Linear and Elastic. This methodology can be used by a Virtual Power Player (VPP) that aggregates and manages small size consumption resources, enabling them to participate in DR programs. Distinct levels of energy/price from external suppliers are considered in the case study that accommodates 4 external suppliers, 66 DG units, and 218 consumers, classified into 6 types of consumers. For each context the aggregator is able to discuss on the adequate remuneration approach.

[1]  Isabel Praça,et al.  Multilevel Negotiation in Smart Grids for VPP Management of Distributed Resources , 2012, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[2]  A.A. Girgis,et al.  Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation , 2004, 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37491).

[3]  Zita Vale,et al.  Virtual Power Player Using Demand Response to Deal with Unexpected Low Wind Power Generation , 2013 .

[4]  M. Parsa Moghaddam,et al.  Modeling and prioritizing demand response programs in power markets , 2010 .

[5]  H. Morais,et al.  Energy resource scheduling in a real distribution network managed by several virtual power players , 2012, PES T&D 2012.

[6]  Z. Vale,et al.  Distributed generation and demand response dispatch for a virtual power player energy and reserve provision , 2014 .

[7]  Pierluigi Siano,et al.  Demand response and smart grids—A survey , 2014 .

[8]  M. Nikzad,et al.  Studying emergency demand response programs based on exponential modeling in smart grids , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC).

[9]  M. Parsa Moghaddam,et al.  Evaluation of nonlinear models for time-based rates demand response programs , 2015 .

[10]  Christos V. Verikoukis,et al.  A Survey on Demand Response Programs in Smart Grids: Pricing Methods and Optimization Algorithms , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[11]  Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani,et al.  The study of CPP programs based on logarithmic model in electricity markets , 2011 .

[12]  Johanna L. Mathieu,et al.  Examining uncertainty in demand response baseline models and variability in automated responses to dynamic pricing , 2011, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference.

[13]  Zita Vale,et al.  The influence of the consumer modelling approach in demand response programs implementation , 2015, 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech.