Actor-networks of sophomore engineering: Durability and Change in Required Mathematics Courses

mathematical knowledge from the lecture chalkboard to the engineering workplace requires not just a translation between math and engineering, but a seismic shift away from old traditions to new technologies. Current students are already familiar with computers and most are adept at using modern technology, yet we insist on making them learn through historical artifacts that are unrelated to their future work as engineers. How can we prepare engineering students for careers in the modern world when we teach them using the methods of the past?

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