Ionic conductivity and complexation in liquid dielectrics

Electronic and ionic conductivity in nonpolar liquids is reviewed. Theoretical results on ionic complexation (formation of ion pairs and triplets, dipole–dipole chains, ion–dipole clusters) in liquid dielectrics in an intense external electric field are considered, and the relation between the complexation process and ionic conductivity is discussed. Experimental results supporting the possibility of complexation are presented and compared with theoretical calculations. Onsager's theory about the effect of an intense external electric field on ion-pair dissociation is corrected for the finite size of ions.

[1]  P. G. de Gennes,et al.  Pair correlations in a ferromagnetic colloid , 1970 .

[2]  Mark J. Allen,et al.  Energy of Excess Electrons in Nonpolar Liquids by Photoelectric Work Function Measurements , 1971 .

[3]  L. Schmidt,et al.  Mobility of excess electrons in liquid hydrocarbon mixtures , 1972 .

[4]  M. Shliomis.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Magnetic fluids , 1974 .

[5]  A. Gemant.  Elektrophysik der Isolierstoffe , 1930 .

[6]  R. Fuoss,et al.  Properties of Electrolytic Solutions. I. Conductance as Influenced by the Dielectric Constant of the Solvent Medium1 , 1933 .

[7]  R. Holroyd.  Role of the Energy of the Excess Electron State in Photoionization of TMPD in Solution , 1972 .

[8]  J. K. Thomas,et al.  Two photon laser photo-ionisation of molecules in liquids , 1972 .

[9]  M. Zahn,et al.  Charge injection between concentric cylindrical electrodes , 1977 .

[10]  G. Mesyats,et al.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Field emission and explosive electron emission processes in vacuum discharges , 1983 .

[11]  John Lekner,et al.  Motion of Electrons in Liquid Argon , 1967 .

[12]  W. Spear,et al.  Charge Transport in Solid and Liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe , 1968 .

[13]  A. O. Allen,et al.  Ionization of Liquids by Radiation. II. Dependence of the Zero‐Field Ion Yield on Temperature and Dielectric Constant , 1966 .

[14]  P. Secker,et al.  Negative charge mobility in simple organic liquids , 1969 .

[15]  G. Bakale,et al.  On excess electron transport in liquid hydrocarbons , 1973 .

[16]  T. Lewis,et al.  X-ray induced conduction in n-hexane at low stress , 1965 .

[17]  G. Mesyats.  Ecton or electron avalanche from metal , 1995 .

[18]  J. K. Thomas,et al.  Effect of temperature on the rates of reaction of excess electrons in liquid hydrocarbons , 1974 .

[19]  T. M. Sanders,et al.  ANOMALOUS ELECTRON MOBILITY AND COMPLEX NEGATIVE ION FORMATION IN LOW- TEMPERATURE HELIUM VAPOR , 1962 .

[20]  P. Atten,et al.  Electrohydrodynamic stability of liquids subjected to unipolar injection: non linear phenomena , 1978 .

[21]  H. R. Harrison,et al.  Electron mobility variation in dense hydrogen gas , 1971 .

[22]  H. Schwarz,et al.  RANGES OF PHOTOINJECTED ELECTRONS IN DIELECTRIC LIQUIDS. , 1972 .

[23]  J. Terlecki.  Measurement of the Mobility of Negative Ions in Saturated Hydrocarbon Liquids with High Electric Fields , 1962, Nature.

[24]  J. K. Thomas,et al.  Dynamics of Electrons in Nonpolar Liquids , 1972 .

[25]  H. T. Davis,et al.  Excess Electrons in Liquid Hydrocarbons , 1971 .

[26]  Lars Onsager,et al.  Irreversible Processes in Electrolytes. Diffusion, Conductance and Viscous Flow in Arbitrary Mixtures of Strong Electrolytes , 1931 .

[27]  P. Secker,et al.  The behaviour of negative charge carriers in hexane , 1968 .

[28]  T. Lewis,et al.  LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: The effects of liquid motion on ion mobility measurement in hexane , 1965 .

[29]  W. Whitney,et al.  Electron Emission Preceding Electrical Breakdown in Vacuum , 1963 .

[30]  P. Debye,et al.  Reaction Rates in Ionic Solutions , 1942 .

[31]  O. Gzowski.  Mobility of Ions in Liquid Dielectrics , 1962, Nature.

[32]  Oliver H. LeBlanc,et al.  Electron Drift Mobility in Liquid n‐Hexane , 1959 .

[33]  C. A. Kraus,et al.  Properties of Electrolytic Solutions. LIII. Molecular Weight of Salts in Benzene by the Cryoscopic Method1 , 1951 .

[34]  F. Pontiga,et al.  Electrical conduction of electrolyte solutions in nonpolar liquids , 1996 .

[35]  N. Félici,et al.  Electroconvection in insulating liquids with special reference to uni- and bi-polar injection: A review of the research work at the CNRS Laboratory for Electrostatics, Grenoble 1969 – 1976 , 1978 .

[36]  C. G. Kuper,et al.  THEORY OF NEGATIVE IONS IN LIQUID HELIUM , 1961 .

[37]  T. M. Sanders,et al.  MOBILITY OF ELECTRONS IN LOW-TEMPERATURE HELIUM GAS. , 1967 .

[38]  R. A. Ferrell.  LONG LIFETIME OF POSITRONIUM IN LIQUID HELIUM , 1957 .

[39]  Joshua Jortner,et al.  Electrons in Fluids , 1973 .

[40]  J. Lekner,et al.  Theory of hot electrons in gases, liquids, and solids , 1967 .

[41]  A. O. Allen,et al.  Mobility of Electrons in Dielectric Liquids , 1970 .

[42]  L. Onsager.  Deviations from Ohm's Law in Weak Electrolytes , 1934 .

[43]  A. O. Allen,et al.  Chemical reaction rates of quasi free electrons in nonpolar liquids , 1974 .