Interrogation of fiber-Bragg-grating temperature and strain sensors with a temperature-stabilized VCSEL

The interrogation of fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) sensors using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is discussed. A long-wavelength (1.54 μm) VCSEL was used as a wavelength-tunable source by variation in the current. Temperature stabilization was performed with a thermoelectric device. Characteristics of temperature and strain sensing were investigated. FBGs with different reflectivities were compared. For temperature sensing, the root-mean-square error in the measurement was reduced to 1/3 that without temperature stabilization. The dependence of the measurement error on the reflectivities of the FBGs was investigated. The measurement error was larger for FBGs with lower reflectivities in both temperature and strain sensing. Improvement on the sensing with low-reflectivity FBGs is discussed.

[1]  Raymond M. Measures,et al.  Phase-based Bragg intra-grating sensing of strain gradients , 1995, Smart Structures.

[2]  A. Othonos.  Fiber Bragg gratings , 1999 .

[3]  C.J. Chang-Hasnain,et al.  Tunable VCSEL , 2000, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[4]  H. Zappe,et al.  Narrow-linewidth vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for oxygen detection. , 2000, Applied optics.

[5]  K. Iga,et al.  Surface-emitting laser-its birth and generation of new optoelectronics field , 2000, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[6]  R. Hanson,et al.  Diode-Laser Absorption Sensor for Line-of-Sight Gas Temperature Distributions. , 2001, Applied optics.

[7]  Carlos F. R. Mateus,et al.  Low Power, High Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Using Fiber Bragg Gratings and VCSEL , 2006, LEOS 2006 - 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society.

[8]  C.F.R. Mateus,et al.  Harsh environment temperature and strain sensor using tunable VCSEL and multiple fiber bragg gratings , 2007, 2007 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference.

[9]  M.-C. Amann,et al.  Long Wavelength VCSELs for Sensing Applications , 2007, 2007 International Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop.

[10]  T. Mizunami,et al.  Long-Period Fiber-Grating Temperature Sensors in Ge–B-Codoped Fibers with Temperature/Strain Discrimination , 2008 .

[11]  P. Westbergh,et al.  Advances in VCSELs for Communication and Sensing , 2010, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[12]  Hwa-Yaw Tam,et al.  VCSEL-based tilted fiber grating vibration sensing system , 2010, CLEO: 2011 - Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[13]  Joris Degrieck,et al.  Strain Measurements of Composite Laminates with Embedded Fibre Bragg Gratings: Criticism and Opportunities for Research , 2010, Sensors.

[14]  David J. Webb,et al.  Ultra Small Integrated Optical Fiber Sensing System , 2012, Sensors.

[15]  K. Sugden,et al.  Low-cost fully integrated fiber Bragg grating interrogation system , 2012, Asia Pacific Optical Sensors Conference.

[16]  Zhijun Yan,et al.  A compact, portable and low cost generic interrogation strain sensor system using an embedded VCSEL, detector and fibre Bragg grating , 2012, Photonics West - Optoelectronic Materials and Devices.

[17]  Toru Mizunami,et al.  Power-stabilized tunable narrow-band source using a VCSEL and an EDFA for FBG sensor interrogation , 2013 .

[18]  Rui Chen,et al.  A review of previous studies on the applications of optical fiber sensors in geotechnical health monitoring , 2014 .

[19]  J. A. Garcia-Souto,et al.  Evaluation of a 1540nm VCSEL for fibre Bragg gratings interrogation in dynamic measurement applications , 2014, Other Conferences.

[20]  Orlando Frazão,et al.  From conventional sensors to fibre optic sensors for strain and force measurements in biomechanics applications: a review. , 2014, Journal of biomechanics.

[21]  Taichi Yamada,et al.  A fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with temperature stabilization , 2015, 2015 20th Microoptics Conference (MOC).

[22]  Jinping Ou,et al.  Review: optical fiber sensors for civil engineering applications , 2015 .

[23]  Raffaella Di Sante,et al.  Fibre Optic Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Aircraft Composite Structures: Recent Advances and Applications , 2015, Sensors.

[24]  Margarita Varón,et al.  Interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors using a VCSEL and correlation techniques , 2015, International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors.