Implantable Biomedical Devices

Almost a decade after the invention of the first semiconductor transistor in 1948, it took around a decade for the revolutionary technology to evolve from producing single devices to the integration of a few transistors as the first integrated circuit in 1958. Since then, integrated circuits have been in continuous progress for more than half a century as predicted by the well-known Moore’s law. While integrated circuits still continue their progress with the same exponential pace, it is almost a decade that a new branch of science and technology has emerged, known as integrated microsystems. This can be taken as the natural technological evolution from individual circuit chips and non-circuit modules, e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, and subsequently to complete systems in small physical dimensions and with light weight. Integrated microsystems have opened windows of hope to providing efficient solutions to some of the problems that have not been resolvable by any other means so far.