Spatial Brightness Perception of Trichromatic Stimuli

Abstract An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of tuning optical radiation on brightness perception for younger (18–25 years of age) and older (50 years of age or older) observers. Participants made forced-choice evaluations of the brightness of a full factorial of stimulus pairs selected from two groups of four metameric stimuli The large-field stimuli were created by systematically varying either the red or the blue primary of an RGB LED mixture. The results indicate that light stimuli of equal illuminance and chromaticity do not appear equally bright to either younger or older subjects. The rank-order of brightness is not predicted by current models of human vision or theories of brightness perception including scotopic to photopic or cirtopic to photopic ratio theory, prime color theory, correlated color temperature, V(λ)-based photometry, color quality metrics, linear brightness models, or color appearance models. Age may affect brightness perception when short-wavelength primaries are used, especially those with apeak wavelength shorter than 450 nm. The results suggest the need for the further development of a metric (or metrics) to predict brightness perception and that age should be included as a variable in such models.

[1]  J Schanda,et al.  White light brightness–luminance relationship , 2012 .

[2]  G. Fein,et al.  Photopic luminance does not always predict perceived room brightness , 1990 .

[3]  Xin Hu,et al.  Visually matching daylight fluorescent lamplight with two primary sets , 2004 .

[4]  S. Klein,et al.  Measuring, estimating, and understanding the psychometric function: A commentary , 2001, Perception & psychophysics.

[5]  William A. Thornton,et al.  Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part IV. Visual experiments with bright fields and both 10° and 1.3° field sizes , 1997 .

[6]  William A. Thornton.  Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part VI. Improved weighting functions. Preliminary results , 1998 .

[7]  M. Mainster,et al.  Circadian photoreception: ageing and the eye’s important role in systemic health , 2008, British Journal of Ophthalmology.

[8]  Problems of rod participation in large field colour matching , 1995 .

[9]  MS Rea,et al.  Testing a provisional model of scene brightness with and without objects of different colours , 2011 .

[10]  Steve Fotios,et al.  A comparison of simultaneous and sequential brightness judgements , 2010 .

[11]  D. K. Tiller,et al.  Tuning the Fluorescent Spectrum for the Trichromatic Visual Response: A Pilot Study , 2004 .

[12]  Michael P. Royer,et al.  Color discrimination capability under highly structured spectra , 2012 .

[13]  F. Billmeyer.  Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd ed., by Gunter Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982, 950 pp. Price: $75.00 , 1983 .

[14]  S. M. Berman,et al.  Energy Efficiency Consequences of Scotopic Sensitivity , 1992 .

[15]  D. K. Tiller,et al.  Higher Color Temperature Lamps May Not Appear Brighter , 2006 .

[16]  János Schanda,et al.  Colour matching experiments with RGB‐LEDs , 2008 .

[17]  MS Rea,et al.  Toward a model of outdoor lighting scene brightness , 2011 .

[18]  R. G. Mistrick,et al.  Visual Performance and Visual Clarity under Electric Light Sources: Part 1—Visual Performance , 1995 .

[19]  Michael H. Brill,et al.  Color appearance models , 1998 .

[20]  Peter Boyce,et al.  The Light Source Color Preferences of People of Different Skin Tones , 2002 .

[21]  J. Mollon.  Color vision. , 1982, Annual review of psychology.

[22]  W. A. Thornton.  Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part I. Introduction. the visual colorimeter‐spectroradiometer. Experimental results , 1992 .

[23]  D. L. Macadam.  Loci of Constant Hue and Brightness Determined with Various Surrounding Colors , 1950 .

[24]  W. A. Thornton.  Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part Iii. Discussion (continued) , 1992 .

[25]  J. Cohen,et al.  Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulas , 1968 .

[26]  W. A. Thornton.  Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part Ii. Discussion , 1992 .

[27]  Yoshihiro Ohno,et al.  Color rendering and luminous efficacy of white LED spectra , 2004, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[28]  M D Fairchild,et al.  Time course of chromatic adaptation for color-appearance judgments. , 1995, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[29]  John D. Bullough,et al.  The impact of spectral power distribution on the performance of an achromatic visual task , 2003 .

[30]  W. A. Thornton,et al.  Spectral sensitivities of the normal human visual system, color‐matching functions and their principles, and how and why the two sets should coincide , 1999 .

[31]  S. Berman,et al.  A new retinal photoreceptor should affect lighting practice , 2008 .

[32]  R A Weale,et al.  Age and the transmittance of the human crystalline lens. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[33]  William A. Thornton,et al.  Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part V. Testing visually matching pairs of lights for possible rod participation on the Aguilar‐Stiles model , 1998 .

[34]  Michael P. Royer,et al.  A Test of the S/P Ratio as a Correlate for Brightness Perception using Rapid-Sequential and Side-by-Side Experimental Protocols , 2009 .

[35]  L. Maloney,et al.  Bias and sensitivity in two-interval forced choice procedures: Tests of the difference model , 2008, Vision Research.

[36]  Gunther Wyszecki,et al.  Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd Edition , 2000 .

[37]  Wendy Davis,et al.  Toward an improved color rendering metric , 2005, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[38]  Mahdi Nezamabadi,et al.  Color Appearance Models , 2014, J. Electronic Imaging.

[39]  Leo Maurice Hurvich,et al.  Color vision , 1981 .