A factor model of urban aerosol pollution a new method of source identification

Determination of the sources of suspended particulate matter in the urban atmospheric environment is an important problem in both the study and control of this aspect of air pollution. Recent research has concentrated upon relating sources of airborne particulate matter to measurements of the chemical elements in the aerosol. Methods of source identification through elemental analysis can be divided into two classes: those methods that rely upon the observed mean elemental concentrations, and methods that utilize the intercorrelations of the observed elemental concentrations. The first class includes the mass balance techniques of source identification such as the enrichment factor method and the chemical element balance method. The second class incorporates the correlation techniques such as regression analysis, cluster analysis, and factor analysis. This dissertation presents a new method of aerosol source identification by elemental analysis that combines for the first time both mass balance and correlation techniques. This is accomplished by applying the mathematical formalism of factor analysis to the chemical element mass balance equations for the aerosol. It is shown that in the urban environment correlations of the chemical elements due to atmospheric dispersion rather than common source ancestry can be eliminated by dividing the elemental concentrations by the total aerosol mass. The correlation matrix of the elements normalized to total mass is subjected to the method of principal factor analysis. The chemical element balance

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