Multi-resonant converters as photovoltaic module integrated maximum power point tracker

Shaker Verlag Nov 2010, 2010. Buch. Book Condition: Neu. 21x14.8x cm. Neuware Module-integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems show high robustness against mismatching of the PVgenerator, e.g. reasoned by partial shading. Thus, the surface potential for PV can be increased by the unevenly irradiated surfaces using module-integrated PV. Consequently, the important, already sealed surfaces in urban areas can be utilized to contribute to a sustainable energy supply. Different module-integrated system concepts are reviewed and compared. The parallel module-integrated converter concept is identified as the most flexible, safe and cost effective solution. It consists of modules with module-integrated DC-DC converters, feeding into one DC-distribution line in parallel. Since grid connection and metering is performed in a central unit, the critical DC-DC converter is designed to minimum functionality, i.e. maximum power point tracking, safety and efficiency. The system is flexible and scalable for arbitrary modules and can be combined with classical string or central systems. In this work a multi-resonant LLCC-type converter providing galvanic isolation is identified as the best topology, regarding soft-switching of semiconductor devices, high part-load efficiency and controllability. Detailed investigations are carried out for three research foci of the DC-DC converter. With the goal of high converter efficiency, first design...

[1]  J. Kolar,et al.  Electromagnetic integration of high power resonant circuits comprising high leakage inductance transformers , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[2]  Charles R. Sullivan,et al.  Accurate prediction of ferrite core loss with nonsinusoidal waveforms using only Steinmetz parameters , 2002, 2002 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2002. Proceedings..

[3]  R. W. D. Doncker,et al.  Leitungsgebundene Störungen in der Leistungselektronik : Entstehung, Ausbreitung und Filterung , 1999 .

[4]  U. Herrmann,et al.  Low cost DC to AC converter for photovoltaic power conversion in residential applications , 1993, Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference - PESC '93.

[5]  Ansgar Brockmeyer Dimensionierungswerkzeug für magnetische Bauelemente in Stromrichteranwendungen , 1997 .

[6]  J Faeyz,et al.  CALCULATION OF TRANSFORMERS LEAKAGE REACTANCE USING ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY TECHNIQUE , 2004 .

[7]  Jih-Sheng Lai,et al.  A novel three-phase high-power soft-switched DC/DC converter for low-voltage fuel cell applications , 2005 .

[8]  Issa Batarseh,et al.  Resonant converter topologies with three and four energy storage elements , 1994 .

[9]  J. P. Keradec,et al.  The two-winding transformer: an experimental method to obtain a wide frequency range equivalent circuit , 1994 .

[10]  R.W. De Doncker,et al.  Design of a contactless rotary energy transmission for an industrial application , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[11]  M. Kazimierczuk,et al.  Resonant Power Converters , 1995 .

[12]  U. Boke A simple model of photovoltaic module electric characteristics , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[13]  J.-P. Keradec,et al.  Electrostatic of wound components: analytical results, simulation and experimental validation of the parasitic capacitance , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[14]  J.W. Kolar,et al.  Design of a 5 kW high output voltage series-parallel resonant DC-DC converter , 2003, IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03..

[15]  U. Boeke High Efficiency Flyback Converter Technology , 2007, 2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya.

[16]  Christian P. Dick,et al.  Variable-Frequency Pulse-Width Modulation for an Improved Grid-Connected Converter Efficiency , 2008, 2008 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[17]  A. Engler,et al.  Development of a single-stage three-phase PV module integrated converter , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[18]  Jon Riatsch Modulintegriertes Umrichtersystem für die Netzanbindung einer einzelnen grossflächigen Niederspannungs-Solarzelle , 2001 .

[19]  J. Jacobs,et al.  A transformer comparison for three-phase single active bridges , 2005, 2005 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[20]  Tom Nicholls,et al.  The peak is nigh , 2008 .

[21]  Tore Undeland,et al.  Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design , 1989 .

[22]  Peter Zacharias,et al.  A Single-Stage PV Module Integrated Converter Based on a Low-Power Current-Source Inverter , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  Werner Dietrich,et al.  Berechnung der Wirkverluste von Transformatorenwicklungen unter Berücksichtigung des tatsächlichen Streufeldverlaufes , 1961 .

[24]  R.W. De Doncker,et al.  Active damping of LCL resonance with minimum sensor effort by means of a digital infinite impulse response filter , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[25]  Jiri Lettl Matrix Converter Induction Motor Drive , 2006, 2006 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[26]  R. W. De Doncker,et al.  Investigations on the controllability and the design of DC/DC convertors connected to PV-generators , 2006 .

[27]  S.W.H. de Haan,et al.  Comparative study of three transformer concepts for high current dual active bridge converters , 2008 .

[28]  Rik W. De Doncker,et al.  Eddy currents in windings of switched reluctance machines , 2008 .

[29]  M. Liserre,et al.  Design and control of an LCL-filter based three-phase active rectifier , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[30]  A. Nagel,et al.  A new panel-integratable inverter concept for grid-connected photovoltaic systems , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[31]  M. Liserre,et al.  A new control structure for grid-connected LCL PV inverters with zero steady-state error and selective harmonic compensation , 2004, Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC '04..

[32]  G. Venkataramanan,et al.  Design methodologies for soft switched inverters , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[33]  R.W. De Doncker,et al.  Comparison of Three-Phase DC-DC Converters vs. Single-Phase DC-DC Converters , 2007, 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems.

[34]  M. Egan,et al.  Parasitic inductance effect on switching losses for a high frequency Dc-Dc converter , 2008, 2008 Twenty-Third Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[35]  S.B. Dewan,et al.  Analysis and design of a high frequency resonant converter using LCC type commutation , 1986, 1986 17th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[36]  C. Q. Lee,et al.  Steady state analysis of the parallel resonant converter with LLCC-type commutation network , 1989, 20th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[37]  T. Kawabata,et al.  High frequency link DC/AC converter with PWM cycloconverter , 1990, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[38]  A.K.S. Bhat,et al.  A three-phase series-parallel resonant converter-analysis, design, simulation and experimental results , 1995, IAS '95. Conference Record of the 1995 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting.

[39]  Gehan A. J. Amaratunga,et al.  Energy control for long lifetime photovoltaic ac module inverter , 2006 .

[40]  D. Hirschmann,et al.  Novel high frequency transformer configurations - amorphous metal vs. ferrites , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[41]  H. Oldenkamp,et al.  Reliability and accelerated life tests of the AC module mounted OKE4 inverter , 1996, Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996.

[42]  Ingo Bert Hagemann Gebäudeintegrierte Photovoltaik : architektonische Integration der Photovoltaik in die Gebäudehülle , 2002 .

[43]  R.W. De Doncker,et al.  Behavior and Loss Modeling of a Three-Phase Resonant Pole Inverter Operating with 120° Double FlatTop Modulation , 2006, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[44]  J. Kolar,et al.  Using transformer parasitics for resonant converters - a review of the calculation of the stray capacitance of transformers , 2005, Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005 Industry Applications Conference, 2005..

[45]  I. Batarseh,et al.  A review of distributed power systems. Part II. High frequency AC distributed power systems , 2006, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[46]  Benjamin J Harris Matrix converter technology in doubly-fed induction generators for wind generators , 2009 .

[47]  Chas.P. Steinmetz,et al.  On the law of hysteresis , 1984, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[48]  D. Howe,et al.  Analysis of 4th-order LCLC resonant power converters , 2004 .

[49]  P.D. Ziogas,et al.  Analysis and design of a three-phase offline DC-DC converter with high frequency isolation , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[50]  Deepak Divan,et al.  Zero-switching-loss inverters for high-power applications , 1989 .

[51]  Alex Van den Bossche,et al.  Inductors and Transformers for Power Electronics , 2005 .

[52]  Peter Wolfs,et al.  Recent Development in the Topologies for Photovoltaic Module Integrated Converters , 2006 .

[53]  Ronnie Belmans,et al.  Partial shadowing of photovoltaic arrays with different system configurations: literature review and field test results , 2003 .

[54]  D.M. Divan,et al.  A three-phase soft-switched high power density DC/DC converter for high power applications , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[55]  M. Jantsch,et al.  Inverters with three phase output and without electrolyte capacitor for improved lifetime, efficiency and costs of grid connected systems , .

[56]  A. Averberg,et al.  Multi-Phase Series Resonant DC-to-DC Converters: Stationary Investigations , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[57]  J.A. Ferreira,et al.  Design method and material technologies for passives in printed circuit Board Embedded circuits , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[58]  F. Blaabjerg,et al.  A review of single-phase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[59]  Yong Kang,et al.  A DC-Module-Based Power Configuration for Residential Photovoltaic Power Application , 2007, 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems.

[60]  T. Duerbaum First harmonic approximation including design constraints , 1998, INTELEC - Twentieth International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Cat. No.98CH36263).

[61]  R. P. Severns,et al.  Topologies for three-element resonant converters , 1992 .

[62]  Raul Rabinovici Three phase high frequency DC-DC convertor , 1990 .

[63]  W. Süss,et al.  Reserven, Ressourcen und Verfügbarkeit von - Energierohstoffen , 1989 .

[64]  A. Bucher,et al.  Comparison of methods for the analysis of the parallel resonant converter with capacitive output filter , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[65]  Geoffrey R. Walker,et al.  Photovoltaic DC-DC module integrated converter for novel cascaded and bypass grid connection topologies - design and optimisation , 2006 .

[66]  Quan Li,et al.  A current-sensor-free incremental conductance single cell MPPT for high performance vehicle solar arrays , 2006 .

[67]  Nicola Pearsall,et al.  Performance analysis of the Northumberland building photovoltaic facade , 1996, Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996.

[68]  Jung-Hui Cheng,et al.  Analytic solutions for LLCC parallel resonant converter simplify use of twoand three-element converters , 1998 .

[69]  P. L. Dowell,et al.  Effects of eddy currents in transformer windings , 1966 .

[70]  D. Howe,et al.  Design oriented analysis of fourth-order LCLC converters with capacitive output filter , 2005 .

[71]  R. D. De Doncker,et al.  Calculation of losses in ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials based on the modified Steinmetz equation , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[72]  G.R. Walker,et al.  Cascaded DC-DC converter connection of photovoltaic modules , 2004, 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37289).

[73]  Robert L. Steigerwald A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies , 1987 .

[74]  Samir Kouro,et al.  Unidimensional Modulation Technique for Cascaded Multilevel Converters , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[75]  N. Pearsall,et al.  Estimation of output enhancement of a partially shaded BIPV array by the use of AC modules , 1997, Conference Record of the Twenty Sixth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1997.

[76]  Shu Yuen Ron Hui,et al.  Experimental determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers , 2003 .

[77]  R. Collin,et al.  Principles and applications of electromagnetic fields , 1961 .