Temporal Discourse Models for Narrative Structure

Getting a machine to understand human narratives has been a classic challenge for NLP and AI. This paper proposes a new representation for the temporal structure of narratives. The representation is parsimonious, using temporal relations as surrogates for discourse relations. The narrative models, called Temporal Discourse Models, are tree-structured, where nodes include abstract events interpreted as pairs of time points and where the dominance relation is expressed by temporal inclusion. Annotation examples and challenges are discussed, along with a report on progress to date in creating annotated corpora.

[1]  Adam Jaworski,et al.  The Discourse Reader , 2006 .

[2]  George admires Adolf,et al.  Tense and Aspect , 2004 .

[3]  Martha Palmer,et al.  From TreeBank to PropBank , 2002, LREC.

[4]  Alex Lascarides,et al.  Logics of Conversation , 2005, Studies in natural language processing.

[5]  B. Spejewski,et al.  Temporal subordination in discourse , 1994 .

[6]  Donald Michie,et al.  Machine Intelligence 4 , 1970 .

[7]  Robert J. Gaizauskas,et al.  A Pilot Study On Annotating Temporal Relations In Text , 2001, ACL 2001.

[8]  Daniel Marcu,et al.  Building a Discourse-Tagged Corpus in the Framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory , 2001, SIGDIAL Workshop.

[9]  Scott Weinstein,et al.  Centering: A Framework for Modeling the Local Coherence of Discourse , 1995, CL.

[10]  Matthew Stone,et al.  Anaphora and Discourse Structure , 2001, CL.

[11]  J. Hobbs On the coherence and structure of discourse , 1985 .

[12]  Eduard H. Hovy Parsimonious and Profligate Approaches to the Question of Discourse Structure Relations , 1990, INLG.

[13]  D. Marcu,et al.  Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of Discourse Trees : Problems , Annotation Choices , Issues , 1999 .

[14]  Bonnie L. Webber,et al.  Tense as Discourse Anaphor , 1988, CL.

[15]  John McCarthy,et al.  SOME PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF ARTI CIAL INTELLIGENCE , 1987 .

[16]  Alan E. Bell News Stories as Narratives , 2005, The Language of Time - A Reader.

[17]  Inderjeet Mani,et al.  Robust Temporal Processing of News , 2000, ACL.

[18]  James F. Allen Towards a General Theory of Action and Time , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[19]  Marc Moens,et al.  Algorithms for Analysing the Temporal Structure of Discourse , 1995, EACL.

[20]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  The Specification Language TimeML , 2005, The Language of Time - A Reader.

[21]  William C. Mann,et al.  Rhetorical Structure Theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization , 1988 .

[22]  Patrick Blackburn,et al.  The Language of Time: A Reader , 2006, Computational Linguistics.

[23]  Inderjeet Mani,et al.  Inferring Temporal Ordering of Events in News , 2003, NAACL.