Die Anatomie des Grid

„Grid Computing“ hat sich als wichtiger neuer Bereich etabliert, der sich dadurch vom konventionellen „Distributed Computing“ unterscheidet, dass es hier primar um den gemeinsamen Zugriff auf sehr groβe Ressourcenpools geht, die innovative Applikationen und in manchen Fallen eine hoch performante Orientierung bieten. In diesem Artikel wollen wir diesen neuen Sektor definieren, wobei wir uns zunachst das „Grid-Problem“ ansehen, das wir als flexiblen, sicheren und koordinierten Zugriff auf gemeinsame Ressourcen in dynamischen Gruppen von Personen, Institutionen und Ressourcen definieren, die wir im Folgenden als vir- tuelle Organisation bezeichnen werden. In Szenarien dieser Art befassen wir uns mit Themen wie die eindeutige Authentifizierung und Autorisierung, den Zugriff auf und die Entdeckung von Ressourcen und anderen Herausforderungen. Und gerade fur diese Klasse von Problemen bietet die Grid-Technologie Losungsan- satze. Als nachstes stellen wir eine skalierbare und offene Grid-Architektur dar, die Protokolle, Services, Application Program Interfaces und Software Develop- ment Kits anhand ihrer Rolle bei der Realisierung des Ressourcen-Sharing kata- logisiert werden. Wir beschreiben die Voraussetzungen, die Mechanismen dieser Art unseres Erachtens erfullen mussen und erortern, wie wichtig es ist, eine kom- pakte Familie von Integrid-Protokollen zu definieren, die fur die Interoperabilitat der verschiedenen Grid-Systeme sorgen. Zum Schluss beschreiben wir, wie Grid- Technologien mit anderen aktuellen Technologien wie die unternehmensweite Integration, Application-Service-Providing, Storage-Service-Providing und Peer-to- Peer-Computing zusammenhangen. Wir sind der Auffassung, dass Grid-Konzepteund Technologien diese anderen Ansatze nicht nur erganzen, sondern insgesamt aufwerten konnen.

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