A structural analysis of a game: The Liverpool v Manchester united cup final of 1977☆

Abstract A team is more than the sum of its individual players, and so implies a structure of relations on the set. The q-analysis, or polyhedral dynamics, of Atkin is chosen to define and operationalise intuitive notions of structure in a soccer match between Liverpool and Manchester United. The injection of q-holes, or obtrusive objects, by the defense of one team appears to contribute to the fragmentation and loss of the other.