The relationship between the Five-Factor Model and latent DSM-IV personality disorder dimensions

This study compared the latent structure of the DSM-IV personality disorders to the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of general personality dimensions. The subjects in the study were 742 community-residing individuals who participated in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorder Study. DSM-IV personality disorder traits were assessed by psychologists using the International Personality Disorder Examination, and personality disorder dimensions were derived previously using dichotomous factor analysis. The NEO-PI(R), a measure of the FFM, was administered to all subjects. The relationship between the two sets of personality-related constructs was examined using a construct validity framework and also using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression models, and spline regression models. The five personality disorder factors each exhibited small to moderate correlations with several NEO dimensions; together, the NEO domain and facet scores “explained” a fifth to a third of the variance in personality disorder dimensions. Examples of non-linear relationships between the personality dimensions were identified. There is a modest correspondence between the personality disorder dimensions and FFM traits, and the traits of FFM only partially explain the variance of the personality disorders. Dimensional measures of general personality may be a suitable alternative to the DSM-IV. Whether additional maladaptive traits would better define the domain of personality disorders remains an important objective for future research.

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