Application of stereo techniques to angiography: qualitative and quantitative approaches

The authors discuss the use of stereo imaging techniques as a low cost and low radiation dosage means to provide physicians with three-dimensional (3D) information for diagnosis and follow-up care of patients. Instead of using a pair of images obtained from perpendicular directions (as in the case of biplane radiography), the authors show that if a pair of small-angle stereo X-ray images are obtained, observers can vividly perceive the images in 3D during acquisition, i.e. real-time stereo visualization is possible. In addition, quantitative information such as blood flow measurements and the amount of arterial narrowing can be extracted off-line by using computational stereo algorithms. The potential advantages of using a small-angle stereo-based approach as opposed to biplane angiography are discussed.<<ETX>>

[1]  R. Graczyk.  The eye. , 1955, Radiography.

[2]  I Andersson,et al.  Number of projections in mammography: influence on detection of breast disease. , 1978, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[3]  M. Garreau,et al.  A knowledge-based approach for 3-D reconstruction and labeling of vascular networks from biplane angiographic projections. , 1991, IEEE transactions on medical imaging.

[4]  Farrell Ej,et al.  Three-dimensional data visualization and biomedical applications , 1989 .

[5]  Robert A. Kruger,et al.  Real-Time Computerized Fluoroscopy and Radiography—A Progress Report , 1980 .

[6]  W. E. Chamberlain.  Fluoroscopes and Fluoroscopy1 , 1942 .

[7]  R. Petitclerc,et al.  Angulated views in the sagittal plane for improved accuracy of cinecoronary angiography. , 1974, The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine.

[8]  Zygmunt Pizlo,et al.  Design of studies to test the effectiveness of stereo imaging truth or dare: is stereo viewing really better? , 1994, Electronic Imaging.

[9]  T. Poggio,et al.  A computational theory of human stereo vision , 1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[10]  J. Frisby.  Seeing: Illusion, Brain and Mind , 1979 .

[11]  Angulated views in coronary angiography. , 1980, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[12]  D Marr,et al.  Theory of edge detection , 1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[13]  Eric L. W. Grimson,et al.  From Images to Surfaces: A Computational Study of the Human Early Visual System , 1981 .

[14]  O. Lidwell.  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , 1961, Nature.

[15]  Zygmunt Pizlo,et al.  Study of the effectiveness of stereo imaging with applications in mammography , 1993, Electronic Imaging.

[16]  Berthold K. P. Horn.  Robot vision , 1986, MIT electrical engineering and computer science series.

[17]  W E Grimson,et al.  A computer implementation of a theory of human stereo vision. , 1981, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[18]  Jae S. Lim,et al.  A new method for estimation of coronary artery dimensions in angiograms , 1988, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[19]  Sabrina S Wilson.  Radiology , 1938, Glasgow Medical Journal.

[20]  E. J. Delp,et al.  A Study of the Eeectiveness of Stereo Imaging with Applications in Mammography 1 , .

[21]  Charles A. Kelsey,et al.  Digital Imaging in Diagnostic Radiology , 1990 .

[22]  Andrew J. Woods,et al.  Use of flicker-free television products for stereoscopic display applications , 1991, Electronic Imaging.

[23]  J. Owxzarczyk,et al.  Evaluation of true 3D display systems for visualizing medical volume data , 1990 .

[24]  T. Takishima,et al.  Three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[25]  D Marr,et al.  Early processing of visual information. , 1976, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[26]  Zhang Sen,et al.  Extraction Of 3D Measurements From Stereo X-ray Images , 1988, Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[27]  Zygmunt Pizlo,et al.  Preclinical ROC studies of digital stereomammography , 1995, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[28]  J M Davidson,et al.  Remarks on the Value of Stereoscopic Photography and Skiagraphy: Records of Clinical and Pathological Appearances , 1898, British medical journal.

[29]  S Zhang,et al.  Recent progress in x-ray stereoscopes. , 1983, Medical physics.

[30]  S. Bacharach.  Cardiac Imaging: A Companion to Braunwaldʼs Heart Disease , 1991 .

[31]  Kenneth R. Hoffmann.  Automated three-dimensional vascular reproduction from stereoangiograms , 1988, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[32]  D Marr,et al.  A computational theory of human stereo vision. , 1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.