Topology-induced spatial Bose–Einstein condensation for bosons on star-shaped optical networks

New coherent states may be induced by pertinently engineering the topology of a network. As an example, we consider the properties of non-interacting bosons on a star network, which may be realized with a dilute atomic gas in a star-shaped deep optical lattice. The ground state is localized around the star centre and it is macroscopically occupied below the Bose–Einstein condensation temperature Tc. We show that Tc depends only on the number of the star arms and on the Josephson energy of the bosonic Josephson junctions and that the non-condensate fraction is simply given by the reduced temperature T/Tc.

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