The Crossroads of Glycoscience, Infection, and Immunology

Advances in experimental capabilities in the glycosciences offer expanding opportunities for discovery in the broad areas of immunology and microbiology. These two disciplines overlap when microbial infection stimulates host immune responses and glycan structures are central in the processes that occur during all such encounters. Microbial glycans mediate host-pathogen interactions by acting as surface receptors or ligands, functioning as virulence factors, impeding host immune responses, or playing other roles in the struggle between host and microbe. In the context of the host, glycosylation drives cell–cell interactions that initiate and regulate the host response and modulates the effects of antibodies and soluble immune mediators. This perspective reports on a workshop organized jointly by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in May 2020. The conference addressed the use of emerging glycoscience tools and resources to advance investigation of glycans and their roles in microbe-host interactions, immune-mediated diseases, and immune cell recognition and function. Future discoveries in these areas will increase fundamental scientific understanding and have the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of infections and immune dysregulation.

[1]  Brantley R. Herrin,et al.  Novel lamprey antibody recognizes terminal sulfated galactose epitopes on mammalian glycoproteins , 2021, Communications biology.

[2]  J. Dennis,et al.  Association of a Marker of N-Acetylglucosamine With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and Neurodegeneration , 2021, JAMA neurology.

[3]  E. A. Phelps,et al.  Physical tuning of galectin-3 signaling , 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[4]  Corwin M. Nycholat,et al.  Probing the binding specificities of human Siglecs by cell-based glycan arrays , 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[5]  Alexandria K. D’Souza,et al.  Target protein deglycosylation in living cells by a nanobody-fused split O-GlcNAcase , 2021, Nature Chemical Biology.

[6]  D. Bichell,et al.  Spatial N-glycomics of the human aortic valve in development and pediatric endstage congenital aortic valve stenosis. , 2021, Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology.

[7]  R. Schleimer,et al.  Discovery, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting of Siglec-8 , 2020, Cells.

[8]  N. Kootstra,et al.  Afucosylated IgG characterizes enveloped viral responses and correlates with COVID-19 severity , 2020, Science.

[9]  T. Doering,et al.  Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes , 2020, Pathogens.

[10]  Sung-Uk Lee,et al.  N-Glycan Branching Decouples B Cell Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Control Inflammatory Demyelination , 2020, iScience.

[11]  W. Shreffler,et al.  IgE Sialylation is a Determinant of Allergic Pathogenicity , 2020, Nature.

[12]  Hung-Yi Wu,et al.  Engineering a Proximity-Directed O-GlcNAc Transferase for Selective Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Cells. , 2020, ACS chemical biology.

[13]  Brantley R. Herrin,et al.  Development of smart anti-glycan reagents using immunized lampreys , 2020, Communications Biology.

[14]  J. Paulson,et al.  Siglecs as Immune Cell Checkpoints in Disease. , 2020, Annual review of immunology.

[15]  Clay S. Bennett,et al.  Versatile Glycosyl Sulfonates in b-Selective C-Glycosylation. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[16]  Eugene E. Kwan,et al.  Matching Glycosyl Donor Reactivity to Sulfonate Leaving Group Ability Permits SN2 Glycosylations , 2019, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  B. Cobb.  The History of IgG Glycosylation and Where We Are Now. , 2019, Glycobiology.

[18]  Rommie E. Amaro,et al.  Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Glycan Evolution Follows a Temporal Pattern to a Glycan Limit , 2019, mBio.

[19]  Benjamin Cross,et al.  Glycan recognition at the saliva - oral microbiome interface. , 2018, Cellular immunology.

[20]  Seth J. Zost,et al.  Contemporary H3N2 influenza viruses have a glycosylation site that alters binding of antibodies elicited by egg-adapted vaccine strains , 2017, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[21]  A. Hakansson,et al.  Absence of capsule reveals glycan-mediated binding and recognition of salivary mucin MUC7 by Streptococcus pneumoniae. , 2016, Molecular oral microbiology.

[22]  J. Collier,et al.  Self-Assembled Glycopeptide Nanofibers as Modulators of Galectin-1 Bioactivity , 2015, Cellular and molecular bioengineering.

[23]  Steven J. Gamblin,et al.  Influenza Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Membrane Glycoproteins , 2010, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[24]  Richard D. Cummings,et al.  The repertoire of glycan determinants in the human glycome. , 2009, Molecular bioSystems.

[25]  T. Doering,et al.  Glycans of the Pathogenic Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans and Related Opportunities for Therapeutic Advances , 2021 .

[26]  A. Varki,et al.  Biological Functions of Glycans , 2015 .