The Need for Hetero-functional Graph Theory

The second chapter of this book presents the theoretical need for hetero-functional graph theory. Smart cities create the need for greater integration between multiple infrastructures. The coupling between these multiple infrastructures may take on a wide variety of potential topologies. Consequently, the modeling methods used to represent smart city infrastructures must recognize this heterogeneity. The chapter supports the need for hetero-functional graph theory by deeply investigating the limitations of existing multi-layer network theory. It shows by virtue of a simple example that the eight constraints in the multi-layer network literature present a practical limitation in modeling multiple arbitrarily connected infrastructure systems.

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