Time for a change: dynamic urban ecology.

[1]  K. Seto,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of Global Urban Land Expansion , 2011, PloS one.

[2]  D. Reckien,et al.  Why Do Cities Shrink? , 2011 .

[3]  S. Lerman,et al.  The conservation value of residential yards: linking birds and people. , 2011, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[4]  E. Sanderson,et al.  Conservation in the City , 2011, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[5]  A. Rodewald,et al.  Anthropogenic resource subsidies decouple predator-prey relationships. , 2011, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[6]  E. Damschen,et al.  Land-use history, historical connectivity, and land management interact to determine longleaf pine woodland understory richness and composition , 2011 .

[7]  T. Fukami,et al.  Linking community and ecosystem dynamics through spatial ecology. , 2011, Ecology letters.

[8]  M. Vilà,et al.  Plant invasions in the landscape , 2011, Landscape Ecology.

[9]  M. Kleyer,et al.  Dispersal traits determine plant response to habitat connectivity in an urban landscape , 2011, Landscape Ecology.

[10]  Marié J. du Toit,et al.  Aspects influencing the selection of representative urbanization measures to quantify urban–rural gradients , 2011, Landscape Ecology.

[11]  Wolfgang Nentwig,et al.  Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[12]  A. Hastings.  Timescales, dynamics, and ecological understanding1 , 2010 .

[13]  P. Legendre,et al.  Spider, bee, and bird communities in cities are shaped by environmental control and high stochasticity. , 2010, Ecology.

[14]  K. Seto,et al.  The New Geography of Contemporary Urbanization and the Environment , 2010 .

[15]  L. Bettencourt,et al.  A unified theory of urban living , 2010, Nature.

[16]  Christopher G. Boone,et al.  Landscape, vegetation characteristics, and group identity in an urban and suburban watershed: why the 60s matter , 2010, Urban Ecosystems.

[17]  M. Hedblom,et al.  Landscape effects on birds in urban woodlands: an analysis of 34 Swedish cities , 2010 .

[18]  P. Grewal,et al.  Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas , 2010, Urban Ecosystems.

[19]  M. Pärtel,et al.  Habitat fragmentation causes immediate and time-delayed biodiversity loss at different trophic levels , 2010, Ecology letters.

[20]  José Iriarte,et al.  Pre-Columbian agricultural landscapes, ecosystem engineers, and self-organized patchiness in Amazonia , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[21]  H. Possingham,et al.  Multi-scaled habitat considerations for conserving urban biodiversity: native reptiles and small mammals in Brisbane, Australia , 2010, Landscape Ecology.

[22]  J. Anderies,et al.  Invasion, Competition, and Biodiversity Loss in Urban Ecosystems , 2010 .

[23]  S. Jackson,et al.  Balancing biodiversity in a changing environment: extinction debt, immigration credit and species turnover. , 2010, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[24]  J. Klopatek,et al.  Carbon fluxes and nitrogen availability along an urban–rural gradient in a desert landscape , 2010, Urban Ecosystems.

[25]  Mark A. Goddard,et al.  Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. , 2010, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[26]  Gerard McMahon,et al.  On the application of multilevel modeling in environmental and ecological studies. , 2010, Ecology.

[27]  Samuel M. Scheiner,et al.  On the specification of structural equation models for ecological systems. , 2010 .

[28]  B. Tóthmérész,et al.  Effects of urbanization on ground-dwelling spiders in forest patches, in Hungary , 2010, Landscape Ecology.

[29]  Thomas F Cuffney,et al.  Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to environmental changes associated with urbanization in nine metropolitan areas. , 2009, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[30]  Curtis H. Flather,et al.  Housing growth in and near United States protected areas limits their conservation value , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[31]  S. Loss,et al.  Relationships between avian diversity, neighborhood age, income, and environmental characteristics of an urban landscape , 2009 .

[32]  Ken Thompson,et al.  A global synthesis of plant extinction rates in urban areas. , 2009, Ecology letters.

[33]  M. Pärtel,et al.  Extinction debt: a challenge for biodiversity conservation. , 2009, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[34]  Brian G. Tavernia,et al.  Spatial extent and habitat context influence the nature and strength of relationships between urbanization measures , 2009 .

[35]  Erik Andersson,et al.  Patterns and scale relations among urbanization measures in Stockholm, Sweden , 2009, Landscape Ecology.

[36]  C.Y. Jim,et al.  Ecosystem services and valuation of urban forests in China , 2009 .

[37]  S. Magle,et al.  Investigating the distribution of prairie dogs in an urban landscape , 2009 .

[38]  R. Young.  Interdisciplinary foundations of urban ecology , 2009, Urban Ecosystems.

[39]  Lisa T. Smallbone,et al.  Socio-Economics and Vegetation Change in Urban Ecosystems: Patterns in Space and Time , 2009, Ecosystems.

[40]  L. Gillson.  Landscapes in Time and Space , 2009, Landscape Ecology.

[41]  Katharine Hayhoe,et al.  Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options , 2008, The Journal of applied ecology.

[42]  K. Szlavecz,et al.  Response of forest soil properties to urbanization gradients in three metropolitan areas , 2008, Landscape Ecology.

[43]  M. Mcdonnell,et al.  The use of gradient analysis studies in advancing our understanding of the ecology of urbanizing landscapes: current status and future directions , 2008, Landscape Ecology.

[44]  M. Holyoak,et al.  Distinguishing stressors acting on land bird communities in an urbanizing environment. , 2008, Ecology.

[45]  George Wittemyer,et al.  Accelerated Human Population Growth at Protected Area Edges , 2008, Science.

[46]  Robert I. McDonald,et al.  The implications of current and future urbanization for global protected areas and biodiversity conservation , 2008 .

[47]  C. Lahariya.  The state of the world population 2007: unleashing the potential of urban growth. , 2008, Indian pediatrics.

[48]  David M Levinson,et al.  Models of Transportation and Land Use Change: A Guide to the Territory , 2008 .

[49]  M. Montgomery.  The Urban Transformation of the Developing World , 2008, Science.

[50]  N. Grimm,et al.  Global Change and the Ecology of Cities , 2008, Science.

[51]  M. Batty.  The Size, Scale, and Shape of Cities , 2008, Science.

[52]  Lawrence E. Band,et al.  Beyond Urban Legends: An Emerging Framework of Urban Ecology, as Illustrated by the Baltimore Ecosystem Study , 2008 .

[53]  M. McKinney,et al.  Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals , 2008, Urban Ecosystems.

[54]  M. Alberti.  Advances in Urban Ecology: Integrating Humans and Ecological Processes in Urban Ecosystems , 2008 .

[55]  Richard M Cowling,et al.  Conservation planning in a changing world. , 2007, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[56]  G. Luck,et al.  A review of the relationships between human population density and biodiversity , 2007, Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

[57]  Elinor Ostrom,et al.  Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems , 2007, Science.

[58]  K. Gaston,et al.  Psychological benefits of greenspace increase with biodiversity , 2007, Biology Letters.

[59]  Sean M McMahon,et al.  Scales of association: hierarchical linear models and the measurement of ecological systems. , 2007, Ecology letters.

[60]  E. Dambrine,et al.  Present forest biodiversity patterns in france related to former Roman agriculture. , 2007, Ecology.

[61]  O. Eriksson,et al.  Effects of historical and present fragmentation on plant species diversity in semi-natural grasslands in Swedish rural landscapes , 2007, Landscape Ecology.

[62]  M. McCarthy,et al.  Local extinction of grassland plants: the landscape matrix is more important than patch attributes. , 2006, Ecology.

[63]  B. Nordén,et al.  At which spatial and temporal scales does landscape context affect local density of Red Data Book and Indicator species , 2006 .

[64]  Jennifer N Solomon,et al.  The Pigeon Paradox: Dependence of Global Conservation on Urban Nature , 2006, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[65]  M. Mcdonnell,et al.  Selecting independent measures to quantify Melbourne's urban–rural gradient , 2006 .

[66]  H. Birks,et al.  What Is Natural? The Need for a Long-Term Perspective in Biodiversity Conservation , 2006, Science.

[67]  M. Pace,et al.  Understanding the long-term effects of species invasions. , 2006, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[68]  Thomas Elmqvist,et al.  Scale Mismatches in Management of Urban Landscapes , 2006 .

[69]  D. Lu,et al.  Use of impervious surface in urban land-use classification , 2006 .

[70]  M. L. Cadenasso,et al.  Advancing urban ecological studies: Frameworks, concepts, and results from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study , 2006 .

[71]  David B. Lewis,et al.  Agrarian legacy in soil nutrient pools of urbanizing arid lands , 2006 .

[72]  N. McIntyre,et al.  From patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology. , 2006, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[73]  Michael A. McCarthy,et al.  Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban–rural gradient , 2005 .

[74]  Ilkka Hanski,et al.  Slow response of plant species richness to habitat loss and fragmentation. , 2005, Ecology letters.

[75]  James R. Miller.  Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. , 2005, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[76]  P. Bocquier.  WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS: AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE UN MODEL OF PROJECTION COMPATIBLE WITH URBAN TRANSITION THEORY 1 , 2005 .

[77]  G. Tress,et al.  Clarifying Integrative Research Concepts in Landscape Ecology , 2005, Landscape Ecology.

[78]  David M. Theobald,et al.  Placing exurban land‐use change in a human modification framework , 2004 .

[79]  M. Alberti,et al.  Integrating Humans into Ecology: Opportunities and Challenges for Studying Urban Ecosystems , 2003 .

[80]  Jianguo Wu,et al.  A spatially explicit hierarchical approach to modeling complex ecological systems: theory and applications , 2002 .

[81]  Richard J. Hobbs,et al.  Conservation Where People Live and Work , 2002 .

[82]  W. Zipperer,et al.  Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas , 2001 .

[83]  B. Wakeling,et al.  Lizard species distributions and habitat occupation along an urban gradient in Tucson, Arizona, USA , 2001 .

[84]  N. Grimm,et al.  Integrated Approaches to Long-TermStudies of Urban Ecological Systems , 2000 .

[85]  Steward T. A. Pickett,et al.  THE APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES TO URBAN AND URBANIZING LANDSCAPES , 2000 .

[86]  P. Bolund,et al.  Ecosystem services in urban areas , 1999 .

[87]  S. Pickett,et al.  A conceptual framework for the study of human ecosystems in urban areas , 1997, Urban Ecosystems.

[88]  William R. Burch,et al.  The human ecosystem Part I: The human ecosystem as an organizing concept in ecosystem management , 1997 .

[89]  R. Blair.  Land Use and Avian Species Diversity Along an Urban Gradient , 1996 .

[90]  Carole L. Crumley.  Historical ecology : cultural knowledge and changing landscapes , 1996 .

[91]  O. Loucks,et al.  From Balance of Nature to Hierarchical Patch Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Ecology , 1995, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[92]  Lawrence E. Band,et al.  Scale: Landscape attributes and geographical information systems , 1995 .

[93]  S. Pickett,et al.  Ecosystem Structure and Function along Urban‐Rural Gradients: An Unexploited Opportunity for Ecology , 1990 .

[94]  Eric M. Lind,et al.  Land use history alters the relationship between native and exotic plants: the rich don’t always get richer , 2009, Biological Invasions.

[95]  John J. Walsh,et al.  Urban effects on native avifauna: a review , 2006 .

[96]  M. L. Cadenasso,et al.  Biocomplexity in Coupled Natural–Human Systems: A Multidimensional Framework , 2004, Ecosystems.

[97]  Carole L. Crumley.  Historical Ecology , 2018, The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology.

[98]  Jianguo Wu,et al.  A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region, Arizona, USA , 2004, Landscape Ecology.

[99]  N. McIntyre,et al.  Urban ecology as an interdisciplinary field: differences in the use of “urban” between the social and natural sciences , 2004, Urban Ecosystems.

[100]  D. Tilman,et al.  The Importance of Land-Use Legacies to Ecology and Conservation , 2003 .