Reclamation of car washing wastewater by a hybrid system combining bio-carriers and non-woven membranes filtration

Due to the considerable temporal and spatial variations in precipitation in Taiwan, water usage authorities often impose restrictions on car washing, plant watering, and swimming pool refilling in drought season. In response to these water restrictions, the commercial carwash industry has taken measures to install reclamation systems for recycling and reusing carwash wastewater. Dissolved air flotation (DAF), sand filtration (SF), or Multi-media filtration (MMF) units are common reclamation systems for removing suspended solids (SS) in car wash wastewater. However, these technologies are usually ineffective at removing organic contaminants and result in the accumulation of organic contaminants in reclaimed water system. Alternative technologies with higher efficiency to produce high quality reclaimed water must be developed to meet the water demands of car wash industry during drought season. This paper presents a hybrid system that combines bio-carriers and non-woven membranes filtration. When installed ...