Waveform Design and Signal Processing Aspects for Fusion of Wireless Communications and Radar Sensing

Since traditional radar signals are “unintelligent,” regarding the amount of information they convey on the bandwidth they occupy, a joint radar and wireless communication system would constitute a unique platform for future intelligent transportation networks effecting the essential tasks of environmental sensing and the allocation of ad-hoc communication links, in terms of both spectrum efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, approaches to the design of intelligent waveforms, that are suitable for simultaneously performing both data transmission and radar sensing, are proposed. The approach is based on classical phase-coded waveforms utilized in wireless communications. In particular, requirements that allow for employing such signals for radar measurements with high dynamic range are investigated. Also, a variety of possible radar processing algorithms are discussed. Moreover, the applicability of multiple antenna techniques for direction-of-arrival estimation is considered. In addition to theoretical considerations, the paper presents system simulations and measurement results of complete “RadCom” systems, demonstrating the practical feasibility of integrated communications and radar applications.

[1]  Thomas Zwick,et al.  An OFDM System Concept for Joint Radar and Communications Operations , 2009, VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[2]  Bassem Mahafza,et al.  Radar Signal Analysis and Processing Using MATLAB , 2008 .

[3]  R. Gold,et al.  Optimal binary sequences for spread spectrum multiplexing (Corresp.) , 1967, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[4]  Lloyd R. Welch,et al.  Lower bounds on the maximum cross correlation of signals (Corresp.) , 1974, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[5]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[6]  D Garmatyuk,et al.  Multifunctional Software-Defined Radar Sensor and Data Communication System , 2011, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[7]  V. Ipatov.  Spread Spectrum and CDMA: Principles and Applications , 2005 .

[8]  Ian G. Cumming,et al.  Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Algorithms and Implementation , 2005 .

[9]  N. Levanon.  Multifrequency complementary phase-coded radar signal , 2000 .

[10]  E.R. Brown,et al.  Ultra-Wideband Multifunctional Communications/Radar System , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[11]  Marc Engels.  Wireless OFDM Systems: How to Make Them Work? , 2002 .

[12]  Christian Sturm,et al.  Waveform Design for Joint Digital Beamforming Radar and MIMO Communications Operability , 2011 .

[13]  Friedrich Jondral,et al.  Parametrization of joint OFDM-based radar and communication systems for vehicular applications , 2009, 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[14]  Jonathan Schuerger,et al.  Feasibility study of a multi-carrier dual-use imaging radar and communication system , 2007, 2007 European Radar Conference.

[15]  Rajanish,et al.  A single-chip 24 GHz SiGe BiCMOS transceiver for FMCW automotive radars , 2009, 2009 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[16]  Shengli Zhou,et al.  Signal Processing for Passive Radar Using OFDM Waveforms , 2010, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

[17]  T. Kasami.  WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION FORMULA FOR SOME CLASS OF CYCLIC CODES , 1966 .

[18]  Thomas Zwick,et al.  Performance verification of symbol-based OFDM radar processing , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radar Conference.

[19]  Ryuji Kohno,et al.  Inter-vehicle spread spectrum communication and ranging system with concatenated EOE sequence , 2001, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst..

[20]  S D Blunt,et al.  Intrapulse Radar-Embedded Communications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[21]  W. M. Tam,et al.  Chaos-based digital communication systems , 2003 .

[22]  Marc Engels,et al.  Wireless OFDM Systems , 2002 .

[23]  Werner Wiesbeck,et al.  SAR with digital beamforming on receive only , 1999, IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293).

[24]  Nadav Levanon.  Multifrequency radar signals , 2000, Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037].

[25]  R.M. Buehrer,et al.  Wireless communications: past events and a future perspective , 2002, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[26]  Shengli Zhou,et al.  Compressed sensing for OFDM/MIMO radar , 2008, 2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[27]  E. Pancera,et al.  A novel approach to OFDM radar processing , 2009, 2009 IEEE Radar Conference.

[28]  Kiyoshi Mizui,et al.  Vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications and ranging system using spread spectrum techniques , 1996 .

[29]  Christian Sturm,et al.  Maximum likelihood speed and distance estimation for OFDM radar , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radar Conference.

[30]  P. van Genderen,et al.  Multi-carrier radar waveform schemes for range and Doppler processing , 2009, 2009 IEEE Radar Conference.

[31]  P. van Genderen,et al.  OFDM waveforms for frequency agility and opportunities for Doppler processing in radar , 2008, 2008 IEEE Radar Conference.

[32]  R. O. Schmidt,et al.  Multiple emitter location and signal Parameter estimation , 1986 .

[33]  I.D. Longstaff,et al.  Combining MIMO Radar with OFDM Communications , 2006, 2006 European Radar Conference.

[34]  Thomas Zwick,et al.  A multiple target doppler estimation algorithm for OFDM based intelligent radar systems , 2010, The 7th European Radar Conference.

[35]  Solomon W. Golomb,et al.  Shift Register Sequences , 1981 .

[36]  L. Godara.  Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications. II. Beam-forming and direction-of-arrival considerations , 1997, Proc. IEEE.

[37]  Kiyoshi Mizui,et al.  Vehicle-to-vehicle communication and ranging system using spread spectrum technique (Proposal of Boomerang Transmission System) , 1993, IEEE 43rd Vehicular Technology Conference.

[38]  W. Wiesbeck,et al.  A Ray-Optical Approach to Model the Inter-Vehicle Transmission Channel , 2006 .