Geographical origin traceability of tea based on multi-element spatial distribution and the relationship with soil in district scale

Abstract In this study, a discriminant model was established by determining mineral element contents in tea leaves and the soil, collected from Lishui, Jiangsu Province, China. The contents of 12 elements (Se, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, Pb, Mg, Ca, Cu, Al, Na, and K) were determined in both tea leaves and soil samples. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for regional classification of tea samples. After data conversion and correlation analysis, spatial and quantitative prediction models were established by ordinary Kriging interpolation and multiple linear regressions. The results indicated a corresponding relationship of elements between tea and soil, and the cluster analysis and PCA showed a clear distinction between tea from the north to that from the middle and south of Lishui. Kriging interpolation predicted the levels of 12 elements, and among them, Se, Ca, and Cr showed a related spatial distribution. Three linear regression equations were established using Mn, Al, Ni, and K contents and soil pH, and these equations fitted well between predicted and actual values. The established linear equations can be used to identify the predominant mineral elements in tea plants and soil from Lishui and to identify the geographical origin of the tea product.

[1]  T. Olsson,et al.  Plant uptake of major and minor mineral elements as influenced by soil acidity and liming , 2001, Plant and Soil.

[2]  J. Mutić,et al.  Elemental composition as a tool for the assessment of type, seasonal variability, and geographical origin of wine and its contribution to daily elemental intake , 2017 .

[3]  Gang Yin,et al.  Spatial distribution of geographical indications for agricultural products and their drivers in China , 2016, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[4]  Gwo-Fong Lin,et al.  A spatial interpolation method based on radial basis function networks incorporating a semivariogram model , 2004 .

[5]  D. Barałkiewicz,et al.  Application of ICP-MS method of determination of 15 elements in honey with chemometric approach for the verification of their authenticity. , 2011, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[6]  J. Tenenbaum,et al.  A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. , 2000, Science.

[7]  Y. Yamini,et al.  Development of cloud point extraction for simultaneous extraction and determination of gold and palladium using ICP-OES. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[8]  T. Karak,et al.  Comparative Assessment of Copper, Iron, and Zinc Contents in Selected Indian (Assam) and South African (Thohoyandou) Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Samples and Their Infusion: A Quest for Health Risks to Consumer , 2016, Biological Trace Element Research.

[9]  J. Wong,et al.  Fluoride contents in tea and soil from tea plantations and the release of fluoride into tea liquor during infusion , 1999 .

[10]  P. Szefer,et al.  Monitoring of essential and heavy metals in green tea from different geographical origins , 2016, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.

[11]  V. D. Fageria.  NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS IN CROP PLANTS , 2001 .

[12]  M. de la Guardia,et al.  Trace-element composition and stable-isotope ratio for discrimination of foods with Protected Designation of Origin , 2009 .

[13]  L. Meinhardt,et al.  Identification of the varietal origin of processed loose-leaf tea based on analysis of a single leaf by SNP nanofluidic array , 2016 .

[14]  L. Meinhardt,et al.  Varietal identification of tea (Camellia sinensis) using nanofluidic array of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers , 2014, Horticulture Research.

[15]  Yong He,et al.  Discrimination of varieties of tea using near infrared spectroscopy by principal component analysis and BP model , 2007 .

[16]  Bernhard Lendl,et al.  Advancing from unsupervised, single variable-based to supervised, multivariate-based methods: A challenge for qualitative analysis , 2005 .

[17]  Ruey-Shun Chen,et al.  Using RFID technology in produce traceability , 2008 .

[18]  C. Deutsch,et al.  Teacher's Aide Variogram Interpretation and Modeling , 2001 .

[19]  A. Gliszczyńska-Świgło,et al.  Electronic Nose as a Tool for Monitoring the Authenticity of Food. A Review , 2017, Food Analytical Methods.

[20]  M. Wełna,et al.  Multi-element analysis, bioavailability and fractionation of herbal tea products , 2013 .

[21]  Yafen Zhang,et al.  Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Profile Combined with Support Vector Machine for Provenance Discrimination of Oolong Tea (Wuyi-Rock Tea) , 2017, Journal of analytical methods in chemistry.

[22]  Federica Camin,et al.  Food authentication: Techniques, trends & emerging approaches , 2016 .

[23]  P. Szefer,et al.  Evaluation of Macro- and Microelement Levels in Black Tea in View of Its Geographical Origin , 2016, Biological Trace Element Research.

[24]  R. M. Bhagat,et al.  Trace elements in tea leaves, made tea and tea infusion: A review , 2010 .

[25]  H. Matsumoto,et al.  Localization of aluminium in tea leaves , 1976 .

[26]  H. Hsiao,et al.  Comparative study of imported food control systems of Taiwan, Japan, the United States, and the European Union , 2017 .

[27]  D. L. García-González,et al.  Geographical traceability of virgin olive oils from south-western Spain by their multi-elemental composition. , 2015, Food chemistry.

[28]  L. Bragazza,et al.  Effects of altitude on element accumulation in alpine moss. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[29]  D. Cozzolino.  An overview of the use of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in authenticity and traceability of cereals , 2014 .

[30]  Luis D. Martinez,et al.  Classification of monovarietal Argentinean white wines by their elemental profile , 2015 .

[31]  Hailin Zhang,et al.  Heavy metal contents, distribution, and prediction in a regional soil-wheat system. , 2016, The Science of the total environment.

[32]  Ujwala Ranade Malvi.  Interaction of micronutrients with major nutrients with special reference to potassium , 2011 .

[33]  H. Altundağ,et al.  The Levels of Trace Elements in Honey and Molasses Samples That Were Determined by ICP-OES After Microwave Digestion Method , 2015, Biological Trace Element Research.

[34]  G. Siebielec,et al.  Effect of spatial resolution of soil data on predictions of eggshell trace element levels in the Rook Corvus frugilegus. , 2016, Environmental pollution.

[35]  G. Kesteven,et al.  The Coefficient of Variation , 1946, Nature.

[36]  Xin Liu,et al.  Determining the geographical origin of Chinese green tea by linear discriminant analysis of trace metals and rare earth elements: Taking Dongting Biluochun as an example , 2016 .

[37]  Nargis Jamila,et al.  Elemental profiling and geographical differentiation of Ethiopian coffee samples through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and direct mercury analyzer (DMA). , 2016, Food chemistry.

[38]  Adrian Marinescu,et al.  Geographical origin identification of Romanian wines by ICP-MS elemental analysis. , 2013, Food chemistry.

[39]  V. Pantó,et al.  HPLC–PDA/ESI–MS/MS detection of polymethoxylated flavones in highly degraded citrus juice: a quality control case study , 2011 .

[40]  Shuangling Zhang,et al.  Relationship between multi-element composition in tea leaves and in provenance soils for geographical traceability , 2017 .