Theory and Experimental Evaluation of Electrodynamic Tether Systems and Related Technologies.

THEORY AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER SYSTEMS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES

[1]  R. D. Estes,et al.  The orbital-motion-limited regime of cylindrical Langmuir probes , 1999 .

[2]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Transient response of an electrodynamic tether system in the ionosphere: TSS-1 first results , 1995 .

[3]  Robert L. Forward,et al.  Mars-Earth Rapid Interplanetary Tether Transport (MERITT) system. I - Initial feasibility analysis , 1999 .

[4]  Les Johnson.  Electrodynamic Tethers for Reboost of the International Space Station , 1996 .

[5]  Neil Gehrels,et al.  GLAST: The Next-Generation High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy Mission , 1999 .

[6]  Dale C. Ferguson.  vxB Effects on Space Station , 2004 .

[7]  Henry B. Garrett,et al.  Plasmasheath-Photosheath Theory for Large High-Voltage Space Structures , 1980 .

[8]  D. A. Arnold,et al.  Transmission line model of the interaction of a long metal wire with the ionosphere , 1980 .

[9]  James E. Polk,et al.  Plasma processes inside dispenser hollow cathodes , 2006 .

[10]  Paul J. Wilbur,et al.  Expansion and electron emission characteristics of a hollow‐cathode plasma contactor , 1993 .

[11]  Les Johnson,et al.  Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System (ProSEDS) Experiment: Mission Overview & Status , 2003 .

[12]  N. Singh,et al.  Electromagnetic effects induced by the Space Station , 1989, [1989] Proceedings. The Twenty-First Southeastern Symposium on System Theory.

[13]  Irving Langmuir,et al.  The Effect of Space Charge and Residual Gases on Thermionic Currents in High Vacuum , 1913 .

[14]  C. L. Rousculp,et al.  Transport of time-varying plasma currents by whistler wave packets , 1992 .

[15]  Mario L. Cosmo,et al.  Analysis of ProSEDS Test of Bare-tether Collection , 2003 .

[16]  Denis Joseph Donohue.  Plasma Wave Radiation Induced by a Conducting Tethered Satellite System , 1991 .

[17]  V. J. Friedly,et al.  High current hollow cathode phenomena , 1992 .

[18]  Jonathan Van Noord,et al.  ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER OPTIMIZATION FOR THE STEP-AIRSEDS MISSION , 2001 .

[19]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Measurement of Cross-Section Geometry Effects on Electron Collection to Long Probes in Mesosonic Flowing Plasmas , 2003 .

[20]  Michael J. Rycroft,et al.  A suggested model for the IRI plasmapheric distribution , 1987 .

[21]  D. Hastings,et al.  Spacecraft–Environment Interactions: Index , 1996 .

[22]  Susumu Sasaki,et al.  Electron collection enhancement arising from neutral gas jets on a charged vehicle in the ionosphere , 1990 .

[23]  E. C. Lorenzini,et al.  Performance and dynamics of an electrodynamic tether , 2000 .

[24]  E. Ahedo,et al.  Analysis of electrodynamic tethers as deorbiting systems , 2000 .

[25]  Michael J. Patterson,et al.  Recent Development Activities in Hollow Cathode Technology , 2001 .

[26]  Robert B. Sheldon,et al.  Solid and grid sphere current collection in view of the tethered satellite system TSS 1 and TSS 1R mission results , 2005 .

[27]  James E. Polk,et al.  One-Dimensional Hollow Cathode Model , 2003 .

[28]  M. W. Siegel,et al.  New wide angle, high transmission energy analyzer for secondary ion mass spectrometry , 1981 .

[29]  John D. Williams,et al.  An experimental investigation of hollow cathode-based plasma contactors , 1991 .

[30]  Paul D. Craven,et al.  Global Core Plasma Model , 2000 .

[31]  E. Lorenzini,et al.  An Overview of Electrodynamic Tethers , 2000 .

[32]  R. D. Estes,et al.  Performance of Bare-Tether Systems Under Varying Magnetic and Plasma Conditions , 2000 .

[33]  E. Whipple,et al.  Potentials of surfaces in space , 1981 .

[34]  Eduardo Ahedo,et al.  Bare wire anodes for electrodynamic tethers , 1993 .

[35]  Les Johnson,et al.  Future application of electrodynamic tethers for propulsion , 2000 .

[36]  Paul D. Craven,et al.  An empirical model of the earth's plasmasphere , 1988 .

[37]  J. Brophy,et al.  Tests of high current hollow cathodes for ion engines , 1988 .

[38]  Dan M. Goebel,et al.  High current, low pressure plasma cathode electron gun , 2000 .

[39]  M. Dobrowolny,et al.  Deorbiting with electrodynamic tethers: comparison between different tether configurations , 1999 .

[40]  P. D. Prewett,et al.  The double sheath associated with a hot cathode , 1976, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[41]  G. Badhwar,et al.  Drift rate of the South Atlantic Anomaly. , 1997, Journal of geophysical research.

[42]  Brian L. Murphy,et al.  Potential buildup on an electron-emitting ionospheric satellite , 1967 .

[43]  C. L. Rousculp,et al.  Pulsed currents carried by whistlers. Part I: Excitation by magnetic antennas , 1993 .

[44]  M. Patterson,et al.  Plasma Emission Characteristics from a High Current Hollow Cathode in an Ion Thruster , 2002 .

[45]  Nestor Voronka.  Modular Spacecraft with Integrated Structural Electrodynamic Propulsion , 2005 .

[46]  Manuel J. Urrutia,et al.  Laboratory experiments on the electrodynamic behavior of tethers in space , 1991 .

[47]  Tamer M. Wasfy,et al.  Dynamic simulation of a tethered satellite system using finite elements and fuzzy sets , 2001 .

[48]  Scott D. Kovaleski,et al.  Life Model of Hollow Cathodes Using a Barium Calcium Aluminate Impregnated Tungsten Emitter , 2001 .

[49]  Dale C. Ferguson,et al.  Plasma turbulence enhanced current collection: Results from the plasma motor generator electrodynamic tether flight , 1995 .

[50]  Claudio Bruno,et al.  SATELLITE DE-ORBITING BY MEANS OF ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERS PART II: SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND PERFORMANCE☆ , 2002 .

[51]  Mario H. Acuna,et al.  Current flow through high‐voltage sheaths observed by the TEMAG Experiment during TSS‐1R , 1998 .

[52]  M. J. Mandell,et al.  of Plasma Contactor Performance , 1997 .

[53]  Robert Twiggs,et al.  The Multi-Application Survivable Tether (MAST) Experiment , 2003 .

[54]  Stanley Humphries,et al.  Charged Particle Beams , 1990 .

[55]  J. Allen,et al.  Theory of a double sheath between two plasmas , 1969, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[56]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Transient plasma sheath model for thin conductors excited by negative high voltages with application to electrodynamic tethers , 2000 .

[57]  Nobuki Kawashima,et al.  Results from a tethered rocket experiment (Charge-2) , 1988 .

[58]  Jean-Pierre Lebreton,et al.  Shuttle charging by fixed energy beam emissions , 1998 .

[59]  John W. Luginsland,et al.  Two-Dimensional Child-Langmuir Law. , 1996 .

[60]  I. Langmuir,et al.  The Theory of Collectors in Gaseous Discharges , 1926 .

[61]  W. R. Hoegy,et al.  Current to a moving cylindrical electrostatic probe , 1973 .

[62]  M. Dobrowolny,et al.  Characterization of the interaction between a hollow cathode source and an ambient plasma , 1992 .

[63]  Enrico Lorenzini,et al.  Tether Transportation System Study , 1998 .

[64]  Robert Hoyt.  Design and simulation of a tether boost facility for LEO to GTO transport , 2000 .

[65]  M. L. Cosmo,et al.  EXPECTED DEPLOYMENT DYNAMICS OF PROSEDS , 2003 .

[66]  Ya. E. Krasik,et al.  High-current electron beam generation by a pulsed hollow cathode , 2002 .

[67]  A. Benninghoven,et al.  Developments in secondary ion mass spectroscopy and applications to surface studies , 1975 .

[68]  A. Wells,et al.  Current flow across a plasma 'double layer' in a hollow cathode ion thrustor , 1972 .

[69]  F. Svelto,et al.  TSS core equipment , 1994 .

[70]  M. Dobrowolny,et al.  Electrodynamic deorbiting of LEO satellites , 2000 .

[71]  Miria M. Finckenor,et al.  Changes in Polymeric Tether Properties Due to Atomic Oxygen , 2004 .

[72]  Keith R Fuhrhop,et al.  Experimental investigation of electron collection to solid and slotted tape probes in a high-speed flowing plasma , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[73]  Jean-Pierre Lebreton,et al.  The first real‐time worldwide ionospheric predictions network: An advance in support of spaceborne experimentation, on‐line model validation, and space weather , 1998 .

[74]  I. Mikellides,et al.  Hollow cathode theory and experiment. II. A two-dimensional theoretical model of the emitter region , 2005 .

[75]  Claudio Bruno,et al.  satellite de-orbiting by means of electrodynamic tethers part i: general concepts and requirements , 2002 .

[76]  I. Bernstein,et al.  Theory of Electrostatic Probes in a Low‐Density Plasma , 1959 .

[77]  Kenell J. Touryan,et al.  Electric probes in stationary and flowing plasmas: theory and application , 1975 .

[78]  Christian B. Carpenter,et al.  High-Current Hollow Cathode Development , 2001 .

[79]  Michael J. Rycroft,et al.  Modelling the plasmasphere for the international reference ionosphere , 1985 .

[80]  C. D. Child,et al.  Discharge From Hot Cao , 1911 .

[81]  Paul J. Wilbur,et al.  An experimental investigation of the plasma contacting process , 1987 .

[82]  A. F.,et al.  Thermionic Emission , 1936, Nature.

[83]  Timothy R. Sarver-Verhey.  Destructive Evaluation of a Xenon Hollow Cathode after a 28,000 Hour Life Test , 1998 .

[84]  A. Salhi.  Theoretical and experimental studies of orificed, hollow cathode operation / , 1993 .

[85]  Eric Choinikre,et al.  Electron Collection to Arbitrarily Shaped Electrodynamic Tethers in Flowing Plasmas: a Kinetic Model Validation for Circular Cross-sections , 2002 .

[86]  Les Johnson,et al.  Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System Experiment , 2000 .

[87]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  System Analysis of the Expected Electrodynamic Tether Performance for the ProSEDS Mission , 2003 .

[88]  Manuel Martinez-Sanchez,et al.  Electron Collection by a Tether at High potential in a Magnetized Plasma , 2003 .

[89]  Alec D. Gallimore,et al.  Integration of field emitter arrays into spacecraft systems , 2002 .

[90]  Les Johnson,et al.  International Space Station Electrodynamic Tether Reboost Study , 1998 .

[91]  R. Forward,et al.  Terminator Tether: A Spacecraft Deorbit Device , 2000 .

[92]  C. Bonifazi,et al.  Suprathermal electrons observed on the TSS‐1R satellite , 1998 .

[93]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Simulating ionospheric plasma with a hollow cathode in a large vacuum chamber , 2001 .

[94]  E. Ahedo,et al.  Dynamic model of a plasma structure with an intermediate double-layer, formed outside an anodic plasma contactor , 2000 .

[95]  Gregory G. Spanjers,et al.  Performance characteristics of a 5 kW laboratory hall thruster , 1998 .

[96]  Nagendra Singh,et al.  Numerical simulation of plasma processes occurring in the ram region of the tethered satellite , 1998 .

[97]  Robert P. Hoyt,et al.  Cislunar Tether Transport System , 1999 .

[98]  Eric Choiniere.  Theory and experimental evaluation of a consistent steady-state kinetic model for two-dimensional conductive structures in ionospheric plasmas with application to bare electrodynamic tethers in space , 2004 .

[99]  Paul J. Wilbur,et al.  Ground-based tests of hollow cathode plasma contactors , 1989 .

[100]  Tamas I. Gombosi.  Physics of the Space Environment: Bibliography , 1998 .

[101]  M. Dobrowolny,et al.  A technical overview of TSS-1: The first Tethered-Satellite system mission , 1994 .

[102]  M. Patterson,et al.  Characterization of Downstream Ion Energy Distributions From a High Current Hollow Cathode in a Ring Cusp Discharge Chamber , 2003 .

[103]  Joseph A. Bonometti,et al.  Free Re-boost Electrodynamic Tether on the International Space Station , 2005 .

[104]  M. L. Cosmo,et al.  Tethers in Space Handbook , 1997 .

[105]  Dan M. Goebel,et al.  Numerical Simulation of the Hollow Cathode Discharge Plasma Dynamics IEPC-2005-200 , 2005 .

[106]  A. Benninghoven,et al.  Secondary ion yields near 1 for some chemical compounds , 1972 .

[107]  P. Turchi,et al.  Scaling relations for design and operation of orificed-hollow cathodes , 1994 .

[108]  Dan M. Goebel,et al.  LaB6 Hollow Cathodes for Ion and Hall Thrusters , 2005 .

[109]  Robert P. Hoyt,et al.  A MODULAR MOMENTUM-EXCHANGE/ELECTRODYNAMIC-REBOOST TETHER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE , 2003 .

[110]  Brian E. Gilchrist,et al.  ELECTRON FIELD EMISSION AND THE SPACE CHARGE LIMIT: TECHNIQUES AND TRADEOFFS , 2003 .

[111]  Juan Ramón Sanmartín Losada,et al.  Effect of magnetic field on current colection on bare tether in LEO , 2002 .

[112]  M. Dobrowolny,et al.  Electrodynamics of long metallic tethers in the ionospheric plasma , 1978 .

[113]  Jean-Pierre Lebreton,et al.  The current‐voltage characteristics of a large probe in low Earth orbit: TSS‐1R results , 1998 .

[114]  Nobie Stone,et al.  A preliminary assessment of passive end-body plasma contactors , 2001 .

[115]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Space electrodynamic tether propulsion technology - System considerations and future plans , 1999 .

[116]  W. J. Burke,et al.  Enhanced electrodynamic tether currents due to electron emission from a neutral gas discharge: Results from the TSS‐1R Mission , 1998 .

[117]  George J. Williams,et al.  Laser-induced Fluorescence Velocimetry of Xe II in the 30-cm NSTAR-type Ion Engine Plume , 2004 .

[118]  Dieter Bilitza,et al.  International reference ionosphere , 1978 .

[119]  G. Colombo,et al.  Electrodynamics of long conducting tethers in the near-earth environment. [in the ionosphere , 1976 .

[120]  David Peter Morris.  Optimizing space -charge limits of electron emission into plasmas with application to in-space electric propulsion. , 2005 .

[121]  William J. Burke,et al.  Current Collection Model Characterizing Shuttle Charging During the Tethered Satellite System Missions , 2000 .

[122]  Robert P. Hoyt,et al.  FAILSAFE MULTILINE HOYTETHER LIFETIMES , 1995 .

[123]  Dieter Bilitza,et al.  International reference ionosphere—Status 1995/96 , 1997 .

[124]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Current Collection to Electrodynamic-Tether Systems in Space , 2004 .

[125]  A. Benninghoven,et al.  Surface investigation of solids by the statical method of secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) , 1973 .

[126]  James R. Wertz,et al.  Space Mission Analysis and Design , 1992 .

[127]  Brian Gilchrist,et al.  AIAA-2002-2826 THE USE OF ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERS FOR ORBIT MAINTENANCE AND DEORBIT OF LARGE SPACECRAFT : A TRADE STUDY , 2002 .

[128]  George J. Williams,et al.  Laser-induced fluorescence characterization of ions emitted from hollow cathodes , 2000 .

[129]  Andrew Turner.  Use of a Staging Orbit for Geosynchronous Orbit Raising Involving Servicing , 2002 .

[130]  M. Dobrowolny,et al.  Deorbiting of LEO satellites with electrodynamic tethers , 2000 .

[131]  L. W. Parker,et al.  Probe design for orbit‐limited current collection , 1973 .

[132]  C. Spindt,et al.  Field-emitter arrays for vacuum microelectronics , 1991 .

[133]  J. S. Dowker,et al.  Fundamentals of Physics , 1970, Nature.

[134]  Ira Katz,et al.  TSS‐1R electron currents: Magnetic limited collection from a heated presheath , 1998 .

[135]  A. Lichtenberg,et al.  Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing , 1994 .

[136]  Timothy R. Sarver-Verhey.  28,000 Hour Xenon Hollow Cathode LifeTest Results , 1997 .

[137]  C. Bonifazi,et al.  Current‐voltage characteristics of the tethered satellite system: Measurements and uncertainties due to temperature variations , 1998 .

[138]  Alec D. Gallimore,et al.  Current Collection to Long Conductors with Wide Geometries for Bare Electrodynamic Tether Applications: A Laboratory Update , 2002 .

[139]  I. Hutchinson.  Principles of Plasma Diagnostics , 1987 .

[140]  Y. Lau,et al.  Simple theory for the two-dimensional Child-Langmuir law. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[141]  Ethan A. Scarl,et al.  Space Station Reboost with Electrodynamic Tethers , 2000 .

[142]  I. Katz,et al.  Hollow Cathode and Keeper-region Plasma Measurements Using Ultra-fast Miniature Scanning Probes , 2004 .

[143]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Enhancement of electrodynamic tether electron current collection using radio frequency power: numerical modeling and measurements , 2001 .

[144]  John W. Luginsland,et al.  Virtual cathode formation due to electromagnetic transients , 1998 .

[145]  N. Stone,et al.  Electrodynamic characteristics of the Tethered Satellite System during the TSS-1R mission , 1996 .

[146]  Robert Forward.  Tether transport from LEO to the lunar surface , 1991 .

[147]  James E. Polk,et al.  Theoretical model of a hollow cathode plasma for the assessment of insert and keeper lifetimes , 2005 .

[148]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  REVIEW OF THE PROSEDS ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER MISSION DEVELOPMENT , 2004 .

[149]  Brian E. Gilchrist,et al.  Modeling Long Probes in Flowing Plasmas using KiPS-2D, a Novel Steady-State Vlasov Solver , 2003 .

[150]  Robert P. Hoyt,et al.  Stabilization of electrodynamic tethers , 2002 .

[151]  M. Martinez-Sanchez,et al.  Floating bare tether as upper atmosphere probe , 2006 .

[152]  Brian E. Gilchrist,et al.  Poisson-Vlasov Modeling of Parallel Cylinders in Ionospheric Plasmas , 2004 .

[153]  Paul J. Wilbur,et al.  Measurements of Ions from High-Current Hollow Cathodes Using Electrostatic Energy Analyzer , 2000 .

[154]  C. Bonifazi,et al.  The TSS‐1R Mission: Overview and scientific context , 1998 .

[155]  Sven G. Bilen,et al.  Analysis of chamber simulations of long collecting probes in high-speed dense plasmas , 2002 .

[156]  K. L. Jensen,et al.  Field emitter arrays for plasma and microwave source applications , 1999 .

[157]  Donald C. Thompson,et al.  TSS‐1R vertical electric fields: Long baseline measurements using an electrodynamic tether as a double probe , 1998 .

[158]  James Moore,et al.  GRID SPHERE ELECTRODES USED FOR CURRENT COLLECTION AT THE POSITIVE POLE OF ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERS , 2004 .

[159]  M. Larsson,et al.  Experiments on anomalous electron currents to a positive probe in a magnetized plasma stream , 2000 .

[160]  Brian E. Gilchrist,et al.  Investigation of Ionospheric Plasma Flow Effects on Current Collection to Parallel Wires Using Self-Consistent Steady-State Kinetic Simulations , 2005 .

[161]  Irving Langmuir,et al.  The Effect of Space Charge and Initial Velocities on the Potential Distribution and Thermionic Current between Parallel Plane Electrodes , 1923 .