Recent advances in bubble-based technologies: Underlying interaction mechanisms and applications

Gas bubbles widely exist in nature and numerous industrial processes. The physicochemical characteristics of bubbles such as large specific surface area, low density, and hydrophobicity make them an ideal platform for developing colloidal and interfacial technologies. Over the past few decades, much effort has been devoted to investigating the properties and behaviors of bubbles and their applications. A series of bubble-based technologies (BBTs) have been developed, which have attracted increasing attention and shown great importance in a wide range of engineering, material, and biological fields. These BBTs, such as bubble flotation and the bubble-liposome system, provide feasible and promising solutions to mineral separation, material assembling, medical diagnosis, and drug delivery. In this work, we have systematically reviewed the physicochemical characteristics of bubbles and how to modulate their behaviors in complex fluid systems, as well as the underlying fundamental interaction mechanisms of bubbles in related BBTs. Advanced nanomechanical techniques such as atomic force microscopy, which are used to quantify the interaction mechanisms in bubble-containing systems, have been introduced. The effects of various influential factors on the bubble behaviors are discussed, which provide potential approaches to improve the controllability and performance of BBTs. The recent advances in the applications of selected BBTs in engineering, biomedical, and material areas are presented. Some remaining challenging issues and perspectives for future studies have also been discussed. This review improves the fundamental understanding of characteristics and surface interaction mechanisms of bubbles, with useful implications for developing advanced BBTs.

[1]  Y. Sakka,et al.  Bubble‐Free Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) by Pulse‐Potential Application , 2008 .

[2]  Chuyang Y. Tang,et al.  Membrane cleaning in membrane bioreactors: A review , 2014 .

[3]  P. Gogate,et al.  Water disinfection using the novel approach of ozone and a liquid whistle reactor , 2007 .

[4]  A. Peres,et al.  The effect of amine type, pH, and size range in the flotation of quartz , 2007 .

[5]  Jacob H. Masliyah,et al.  Understanding Water‐Based Bitumen Extraction from Athabasca Oil Sands , 2008 .

[6]  H. Butt,et al.  Measuring electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydration forces in electrolyte solutions with an atomic force microscope. , 1991, Biophysical journal.

[7]  Evert Klaseboer,et al.  Film drainage and coalescence between deformable drops and bubbles , 2011 .

[8]  Y. Gao,et al.  A Simple Theory for the Hofmeister Series. , 2013, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[9]  Raymond R Dagastine,et al.  Measurement and analysis of forces in bubble and droplet systems using AFM. , 2012, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[10]  Zong-Hong Lin,et al.  A self-powered battery-driven drug delivery device that can function as a micromotor and galvanically actuate localized payload release , 2019 .

[11]  O. Velev,et al.  Charging of Oil−Water Interfaces Due to Spontaneous Adsorption of Hydroxyl Ions , 1996, Langmuir.

[12]  S. Thoroddsen,et al.  Free-Rising Bubbles Bounce More Strongly from Mobile than from Immobile Water–Air Interfaces , 2020, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[13]  J. Eastoe,et al.  Dynamic surface tension and adsorption mechanisms of surfactants at the air-water interface. , 2000, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[14]  Samuel Sanchez,et al.  Self-Propelled Micromotors for Cleaning Polluted Water , 2013, ACS nano.

[15]  V. Ostroverkhov,et al.  Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy on water interfaces: polar orientation of water molecules at interfaces. , 2006, Chemical reviews.

[16]  Jingli Luo,et al.  Fouling mechanisms of asphaltenes and fine solids on bare and electroless nickel-phosphorus coated carbon steel , 2019, Fuel.

[17]  Qianhui Liu,et al.  Direct Observation of the Interplay of Catechol Binding and Polymer Hydrophobicity in a Mussel-Inspired Elastomeric Adhesive , 2018, ACS central science.

[18]  R. Pugh,et al.  The influence of particle size and hydrophobicity on the stability of mineralized froths , 1992 .

[19]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Hydrodynamic boundary conditions and dynamic forces between bubbles and surfaces. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[20]  Mariana Medina-Sánchez,et al.  Medical microbots need better imaging and control , 2017, Nature.

[21]  Qi Liu,et al.  Stabilization mechanism and chemical demulsification of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry: A review , 2021 .

[22]  J. Israelachvili,et al.  Direct measurement of long range forces between two mica surfaces in aqueous KNO3 solutions , 1976, Nature.

[23]  R. Pugh,et al.  Hydrophobicity and Rupture of Thin Aqueous Films , 1994 .

[24]  Samuel Sánchez,et al.  Chemically powered micro- and nanomotors. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[25]  Qiang He,et al.  Near-Infrared-Activated Nanocalorifiers in Microcapsules: Vapor Bubble Generation for In Vivo Enhanced Cancer Therapy. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[26]  B. Liu,et al.  A novel method treating organic wastewater: air-bubble cavitation passing small glass balls. , 2010 .

[27]  Shaoxian Song,et al.  Flotation of molybdenite fines as hydrophobic agglomerates , 2012 .

[28]  Derek Y. C. Chan,et al.  Electrical Double Layer Interaction between Dissimilar Spherical Colloidal Particles and between a Sphere and a Plate: Nonlinear Poisson−Boltzmann Theory , 1994 .

[29]  J. Israelachvili,et al.  Recent advances in the surface forces apparatus (SFA) technique , 2010 .

[30]  Claus-Dieter Ohl,et al.  Surface cleaning from laser-induced cavitation bubbles , 2006 .

[31]  P.T.L. Koh,et al.  Particle–bubble interaction and attachment in flotation , 2011 .

[32]  G. Binnig,et al.  True Atomic Resolution by Atomic Force Microscopy Through Repulsive and Attractive Forces , 1993, Science.

[33]  B. Nelson,et al.  Small‐Scale Machines Driven by External Power Sources , 2018, Advanced materials.

[34]  Grant M. Campbell,et al.  Creation and characterisation of aerated food products , 1999 .

[35]  E. Miyako,et al.  Soap Bubble Pollination , 2020, iScience.

[36]  Wenqi Hu,et al.  Micro-assembly using optically controlled bubble microrobots , 2011 .

[37]  Douglas W. Fuerstenau,et al.  Mutual coagulation of colloidal dispersions , 1966 .

[38]  Jong-Duk Kim,et al.  Ultrasonic formation of nanobubbles and their zeta-potentials in aqueous electrolyte and surfactant solutions , 2005 .

[39]  D. Fuerstenau,et al.  The effect of dextrin on surface properties and the flotation of molybdenite , 1974 .

[40]  J. Rubio,et al.  Overview of flotation as a wastewater treatment technique , 2002 .

[41]  Qi Liu,et al.  Slime coatings in froth flotation: A review , 2017 .

[42]  Cees Dekker,et al.  Motor Proteins at Work for Nanotechnology , 2007, Science.

[43]  Jenwei Tsai,et al.  Nano-bubble flotation technology with coagulation process for the cost-effective treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater , 2007 .

[44]  Qi Liu,et al.  Selective flotation separation of molybdenite and talc by humic substances , 2018 .

[45]  Paul A Dayton,et al.  Targeted imaging using ultrasound , 2002, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[46]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Surface Forces and Interaction Mechanisms of Emulsion Drops and Gas Bubbles in Complex Fluids. , 2017, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[47]  Liangfang Zhang,et al.  Artificial Micromotors in the Mouse’s Stomach: A Step toward in Vivo Use of Synthetic Motors , 2014, ACS nano.

[48]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Measurement of the Hydrophobic Force in a Soft Matter System. , 2013, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[49]  D. W. Moore The velocity of rise of distorted gas bubbles in a liquid of small viscosity , 1965, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[50]  A. Afacan,et al.  Study of Bitumen Liberation from Oil Sands Ores by Online Visualization , 2012 .

[51]  Richard M. Pashley,et al.  Direct measurement of colloidal forces using an atomic force microscope , 1991, Nature.

[52]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Cation-π interaction in DOPA-deficient mussel adhesive protein mfp-1. , 2015, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[53]  Daniela A Wilson,et al.  Redox‐Sensitive Stomatocyte Nanomotors: Destruction and Drug Release in the Presence of Glutathione , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[54]  M. Ruzicka,et al.  Bubble coalescence in electrolytes: Effect of bubble approach velocity , 2021 .

[55]  J. Israelachvili,et al.  Measuring forces and spatiotemporal evolution of thin water films between an air bubble and solid surfaces of different hydrophobicity. , 2015, ACS nano.

[56]  D. Johnson,et al.  New approaches for extracting and recovering metals from mine tailings , 2017 .

[57]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Hetero-difunctional Reagent with Superior Flotation Performance to Chalcopyrite and the Associated Surface Interaction Mechanism. , 2019, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[58]  B. Ninham,et al.  Effect of electrolytes on bubble coalescence , 1993, Nature.

[59]  R. Manica,et al.  Drainage of the air-water-quartz film: experiments and theory. , 2011, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[60]  Raffi Bekeredjian,et al.  Efficient gene delivery to pancreatic islets with ultrasonic microbubble destruction technology. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[61]  Saeed Farrokhpay,et al.  An investigation into the effect of water quality on froth stability , 2012 .

[62]  Gerber,et al.  Atomic Force Microscope , 2020, Definitions.

[63]  P. Burke,et al.  Scalable and reusable micro-bubble removal method to flatten large-area 2D materials , 2018 .

[64]  James J. Feng,et al.  Hydrodynamic Interactions Among Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Liquids , 2018 .

[65]  G. Franks,et al.  Flocculation/flotation of hematite fines with anionic temperature-responsive polymer acting as a selective flocculant and collector , 2015 .

[66]  D A Dougherty,et al.  A mechanism for ion selectivity in potassium channels: computational studies of cation-pi interactions. , 1993, Science.

[67]  Jacob N. Israelachvili,et al.  Measurements of Hydrophobic and DLVO Forces in Bubble-Surface Interactions in Aqueous Solutions , 1994 .

[68]  M. Versluis,et al.  Acoustic bubble sorting for ultrasound contrast agent enrichment. , 2014, Lab on a chip.

[69]  Hongbo Zeng Polymer Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication: Zeng/Polymer Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication , 2013 .

[70]  A Escarpa,et al.  Lighting up micromotors with quantum dots for smart chemical sensing. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[71]  E. Teirlinck,et al.  Laser-induced vapour nanobubbles improve drug diffusion and efficiency in bacterial biofilms , 2018, Nature Communications.

[72]  C. Simmons,et al.  Matrix-dependent adhesion of vascular and valvular endothelial cells in microfluidic channels. , 2007, Lab on a chip.

[73]  F. Peters,et al.  An experimental study on slow and fast bubbles in tap water , 2012 .

[74]  Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez,et al.  Micromotors for environmental applications: a review , 2018 .

[75]  Yadong Li,et al.  ZnSe semiconductor hollow microspheres. , 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

[76]  A. T. Ellis,et al.  On the Mechanism of Cavitation Damage by Nonhemispherical Cavities Collapsing in Contact With a Solid Boundary , 1961 .

[77]  R. Horn,et al.  Variation of Local Surface Properties of an Air Bubble in Water Caused by Its Interaction with Another Surface. , 2016, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[78]  Jie Yang,et al.  Selective flotation and adsorption of ilmenite from titanaugite by a novel method: Ultrasonic treatment , 2020 .

[79]  J. Cilliers,et al.  Dynamic froth stability of copper flotation tailings , 2018, Minerals Engineering.

[80]  Younan Xia,et al.  A thermoresponsive bubble-generating liposomal system for triggering localized extracellular drug delivery. , 2013, ACS nano.

[81]  E. Klaseboer,et al.  A force balance model for the motion, impact, and bounce of bubbles , 2014 .

[82]  Jianguo Guan,et al.  Light-driven micro/nanomotors: from fundamentals to applications. , 2017, Chemical Society reviews.

[83]  Barry W. Ninham,et al.  The effect of electrolytes on bubble coalescence in water , 1993 .

[84]  Mooyoung Han,et al.  Micro and nanobubble technologies as a new horizon for water-treatment techniques: A review. , 2017, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[85]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Probing the Effect of Salinity and pH on Surface Interactions between Air Bubbles and Hydrophobic Solids: Implications for Colloidal Assembly at Air/Water Interfaces. , 2017, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[86]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Forces between two oil drops in aqueous solution measured by AFM. , 2004, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[87]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Dynamic forces between bubbles and surfaces and hydrodynamic boundary conditions. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[88]  Huiru Ma,et al.  Autonomous motion and temperature-controlled drug delivery of Mg/Pt-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus micromotors driven by simulated body fluid and blood plasma. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[89]  B. Ninham,et al.  Hofmeister phenomena: an update on ion specificity in biology. , 2012, Chemical reviews.

[90]  H. Schönherr,et al.  Surface Nanobubbles Studied by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Microscopy Methods Combined with AFM: The Impact of Surface Treatment on Nanobubble Nucleation. , 2016, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[91]  H. Christenson,et al.  Electrolytes that Show a Transition to Bubble Coalescence Inhibition at High Concentrations , 2008 .

[92]  R. Manica,et al.  Simultaneous measurement of dynamic force and spatial thin film thickness between deformable and solid surfaces by integrated thin liquid film force apparatus. , 2016, Soft matter.

[93]  Wei Gao,et al.  Ultrasound-modulated bubble propulsion of chemically powered microengines. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[94]  Zhenghe Xu,et al.  Studying bitumen-bubble interactions using atomic force microscopy , 2014 .

[95]  Muhammad Safdar,et al.  Dual Effect of Manganese Oxide Micromotors: Catalytic Degradation and Adsorptive Bubble Separation of Organic Pollutants. , 2016, Chemistry.

[96]  P. Brito-Parada,et al.  The link between particle size and froth stability - Implications for reprocessing of flotation tailings , 2020 .

[97]  I. M. Mishra,et al.  Oil field effluent water treatment for safe disposal by electroflotation , 2008 .

[98]  Qi Liu,et al.  Effect of Charge Density of Reverse Emulsion Breaker on Demulsification Performance for Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Emulsions under High Temperature and High Pressure , 2020 .

[99]  H. Stone,et al.  Separation-driven coalescence of droplets: an analytical criterion for the approach to contact , 2009, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[100]  Daniela A Wilson,et al.  Biodegradable Hybrid Stomatocyte Nanomotors for Drug Delivery , 2017, ACS nano.

[101]  Kazuo Maruyama,et al.  Effective gene delivery with novel liposomal bubbles and ultrasonic destruction technology. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[102]  J. Ralston,et al.  Surface and Capillary Forces Affecting Air Bubble−Particle Interactions in Aqueous Electrolyte , 1996 .

[103]  Jan J. Cilliers,et al.  The froth stability column : linking froth stability and flotation performance , 2005 .

[104]  Hans-Jürgen Butt,et al.  Direct measurements of particle-bubble interactions. , 2005, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[105]  Xiangning Bu,et al.  Observing slime-coating of fine minerals on the lump coal surface using particle vision and measurement , 2018, Powder Technology.

[106]  K. Indukaev,et al.  Study of nanostructure of highly purified water by measuring scattering matrix elements of laser radiation , 2008 .

[107]  Zhenghe Xu,et al.  Generation and characterization of submicron size bubbles. , 2012, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[108]  S. Pané,et al.  Highly Efficient Coaxial TiO2‐PtPd Tubular Nanomachines for Photocatalytic Water Purification with Multiple Locomotion Strategies , 2016 .

[109]  Jinxiu Peng,et al.  Removal behavior of slime from pentlandite surfaces and its effect on flotation , 2018, Minerals Engineering.

[110]  G. Richmond,et al.  Molecular bonding and interactions at aqueous surfaces as probed by vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy. , 2002, Chemical reviews.

[111]  N. Hilal,et al.  A novel in situ membrane cleaning method using periodic electrolysis , 2014 .

[112]  Gonzalo Prieto,et al.  Hollow Nano- and Microstructures as Catalysts. , 2016, Chemical reviews.

[113]  J. Drelich,et al.  A novel method of measuring electrophoretic mobility of gas bubbles. , 2007, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[114]  Yijun Cao,et al.  The role of surface forces in mineral flotation , 2019 .

[115]  Carl W. Magnuson,et al.  Transfer of CVD-grown monolayer graphene onto arbitrary substrates. , 2011, ACS nano.

[116]  S. Sarp,et al.  An overview of oil-water separation using gas flotation systems. , 2016, Chemosphere.

[117]  Jacob H. Masliyah,et al.  Role of oily bubbles in enhancing bitumen flotation , 2006 .

[118]  Jielin Sun,et al.  Cleaning using nanobubbles: defouling by electrochemical generation of bubbles. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[119]  Guang-yuan Xie,et al.  Influence of coal particles on froth stability and flotation performance , 2015 .

[120]  N. Hilal,et al.  Electrically conductive spacers for self-cleaning membrane surfaces via periodic electrolysis , 2017 .

[121]  L. Filippov,et al.  Selective flotation of silicates and Ca-bearing minerals: The role of non-ionic reagent on cationic flotation , 2012 .

[122]  R. Horn,et al.  Extending the surface force apparatus capabilities by using white light interferometry in reflection , 2003 .

[123]  Ivan M. Uzunov,et al.  Kinetics of oil and oil products adsorption by carbonized rice husks , 2011 .

[124]  J. Carlos Santamarina,et al.  Water‐CO2‐mineral systems: Interfacial tension, contact angle, and diffusion—Implications to CO2 geological storage , 2010 .

[125]  Y. Negishi,et al.  pDNA-loaded Bubble liposomes as potential ultrasound imaging and gene delivery agents. , 2013, Biomaterials.

[126]  G. Øye,et al.  Microfluidic Study on the Attachment of Crude Oil Droplets to Gas Bubbles , 2018, Energy & Fuels.

[127]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Role of molecular architecture in the modulation of hydrophobic interactions , 2020, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science.

[128]  Kaneo Chiba,et al.  Free-radical generation from collapsing microbubbles in the absence of a dynamic stimulus. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[129]  Sirilak Sattayasamitsathit,et al.  Water-driven micromotors for rapid photocatalytic degradation of biological and chemical warfare agents. , 2014, ACS nano.

[130]  Qi Liu,et al.  Probing the Interaction Mechanism between Air Bubbles and Bitumen Surfaces in Aqueous Media Using Bubble Probe Atomic Force Microscopy. , 2017, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[131]  Mingli Xu,et al.  Micromotors Spontaneously Neutralize Gastric Acid for pH-Responsive Payload Release. , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[132]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Hydrogen-bubble-propelled zinc-based microrockets in strongly acidic media. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[133]  T. Skotland,et al.  Physical and biochemical characterization of Albunex, a new ultrasound contrast agent consisting of air‐filled albumin microspheres suspended in a solution of human albumin , 1994, Biotechnology and applied biochemistry.

[134]  S. Chu,et al.  Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles. , 1986, Optics letters.

[135]  Jun Huang,et al.  Role of air bubbles overlooked in the adsorption of perfluorooctanesulfonate on hydrophobic carbonaceous adsorbents. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[136]  Hailong Qiu,et al.  3D Porous Cu Current Collectors Derived by Hydrogen Bubble Dynamic Template for Enhanced Li Metal Anode Performance , 2019, Advanced Functional Materials.

[137]  Z. Zou,et al.  Study on bubble coalescence and bouncing behaviors upon off-center collision in quiescent water , 2019, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science.

[138]  Yijun Cao,et al.  The application of atomic force microscopy in mineral flotation. , 2018, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[139]  Hongzhi Ma,et al.  Effect of micro-bubbles on coagulation flotation process of dyeing wastewater , 2010 .

[140]  Shu Liu,et al.  Oxidative Capacity of Nanobubbles and Its Effect on Seed Germination , 2016 .

[141]  O. Schmidt,et al.  Catalytic microtubular jet engines self-propelled by accumulated gas bubbles. , 2009, Small.

[142]  Liguang Wang,et al.  Hydrophobic forces in the foam films stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate: effect of electrolyte. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[143]  Raymond Mawson,et al.  APPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY-A REVIEW , 2008 .

[144]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Recent Advances in the Quantification and Modulation of Hydrophobic Interactions for Interfacial Applications. , 2020, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[145]  P. Cremer,et al.  Interactions between macromolecules and ions: The Hofmeister series. , 2006, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[146]  Berta Esteban-Fernández de Ávila,et al.  Micromotor-enabled active drug delivery for in vivo treatment of stomach infection , 2017, Nature Communications.

[147]  S. Campuzano,et al.  Motion-driven sensing and biosensing using electrochemically propelled nanomotors. , 2011, The Analyst.

[148]  André M. Braun,et al.  Photochemical processes for water treatment , 1993 .

[149]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Strong reversible Fe3+-mediated bridging between dopa-containing protein films in water , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[150]  William Henry,et al.  III. Experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water, at different temperatures, and under different pressures , 1803, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.

[151]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Nanomechanics of Anion-π Interaction in Aqueous Solution. , 2020, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[152]  S. Acton,et al.  Targeted ultrasound contrast agent for molecular imaging of inflammation in high-shear flow. , 2006, Contrast media & molecular imaging.

[153]  M. J. Lockett,et al.  The influence of approach velocity on bubble coalescence , 1974 .

[154]  E. Kramer,et al.  Adhesion and Surface Interactions of a Self‐Healing Polymer with Multiple Hydrogen‐Bonding Groups , 2014 .

[155]  Allen Pei,et al.  Catalytic iridium-based Janus micromotors powered by ultralow levels of chemical fuels. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[156]  J. Heyda,et al.  Beyond the Hofmeister Series: Ion-Specific Effects on Proteins and Their Biological Functions. , 2017, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[157]  H. Iijima,et al.  Enhanced laminin-derived peptide AG73-mediated liposomal gene transfer by bubble liposomes and ultrasound. , 2010, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[158]  Y. Nagasaka,et al.  Electrical potential of microbubble generated by shear flow in pipe with slits , 2008 .

[159]  Xuehua Zhang,et al.  Nanobubbles at the interface between water and a hydrophobic solid. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[160]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Hydrodynamic forces involving deformable interfaces at nanometer separations , 2008 .

[161]  R. Pashley,et al.  Removal of heavy metal ions from water using ion flotation , 2017 .

[162]  P. Burns,et al.  Microbubble-enhanced US in body imaging: what role? , 2010, Radiology.

[163]  Wei Gao,et al.  Artificial enzyme-powered microfish for water-quality testing. , 2013, ACS nano.

[164]  Cristiano Piacsek Borges,et al.  Oil Produced Water treatment for oil removal by an integration of coalescer bed and microfiltration membrane processes , 2014 .

[165]  Corey J. Weinheimer,et al.  Size selectivity by cation–π interactions: Solvation of K+ and Na+ by benzene and water , 1999 .

[166]  Ping Wang,et al.  Nanobubbles for enhanced ultrasound imaging of tumors , 2012, International journal of nanomedicine.

[167]  Kazuo Maruyama,et al.  Systemic delivery systems of angiogenic gene by novel bubble liposomes containing cationic lipid and ultrasound exposure. , 2012, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[168]  H. Nirschl,et al.  Measuring interactions between yeast cells and a micro-sized air bubble via atomic force microscopy. , 2018, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[169]  G. Waychunas,et al.  New information on water interfacial structure revealed by phase-sensitive surface spectroscopy. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[170]  Wei-dong Yan,et al.  Interfacial Tension of (Methane + Nitrogen) + Water and (Carbon Dioxide + Nitrogen) + Water Systems , 2001 .

[171]  S. Grano,et al.  Effect of particle hydrophobicity on particle and water transport across a flotation froth , 2005 .

[172]  H. Butt,et al.  Interaction between Air Bubbles and Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions. , 2015, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[173]  M Al-Rubeai,et al.  Estimation of disruption of animal cells by laminar shear stress , 1992, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[174]  Qingxia Liu,et al.  Study of the Role of Sodium Citrate in Bitumen Liberation , 2019, Energy & Fuels.

[175]  M. M. Salarirad,et al.  TPH removal from oily wastewater by combined coagulation pretreatment and mechanically induced air flotation , 2015 .

[176]  Patrice Creux,et al.  Strong specific hydroxide ion binding at the pristine oil/water and air/water interfaces. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[177]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Direct AFM force measurements between air bubbles in aqueous polydisperse sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) solutions: effect of collision speed, polyelectrolyte concentration and molar mass. , 2015, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[178]  S. Oshita,et al.  Evidence of the existence and the stability of nano-bubbles in water , 2010 .

[179]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Interaction mechanism between hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces: using polystyrene and mica as a model system. , 2013, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[180]  E. Klaseboer,et al.  Dynamic deformations and forces in soft matter , 2009, 0906.4394.

[181]  Y. Negishi,et al.  AG73-modified Bubble liposomes for targeted ultrasound imaging of tumor neovasculature. , 2013, Biomaterials.

[182]  Kevin Kaufmann,et al.  Nanomotors responsive to nerve-agent vapor plumes. , 2016, Chemical communications.

[183]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Probing Interactions between Air Bubble and Hydrophobic Polymer Surface: Impact of Solution Salinity and Interfacial Nanobubbles. , 2016, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[184]  F. Kremer,et al.  Forces of interaction between DNA-grafted colloids: an optical tweezer measurement. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[185]  Yoshihiro Fukui,et al.  Collection of submicron particles in electro-flotation , 1980 .

[186]  S. Farrokhpay The significance of froth stability in mineral flotation--a review. , 2011, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[187]  R. K. Jain,et al.  Thinning of films with deformable surfaces: Diffusion-controlled surfactant transfer , 1985 .

[188]  Dongqing Li,et al.  Measurement of the Zeta Potential of Gas Bubbles in Aqueous Solutions by Microelectrophoresis Method , 2001 .

[189]  R. Manica,et al.  Dynamic Interaction between a Millimeter-Sized Bubble and Surface Microbubbles in Water. , 2018, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[190]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Hydrophobic interactions between polymer surfaces: using polystyrene as a model system , 2012 .

[191]  G. N. Sastry,et al.  Cation-π interaction: its role and relevance in chemistry, biology, and material science. , 2013, Chemical reviews.

[192]  M. Kennedy,et al.  Building a home from foam—túngara frog foam nest architecture and three-phase construction process , 2010, Biology Letters.

[193]  J. Long,et al.  Synergetic role of polymer flocculant in low-temperature bitumen extraction and tailings treatment , 2005 .

[194]  David Tabor,et al.  The direct measurement of normal and retarded van der Waals forces , 1969, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[195]  S. Balasubramanian,et al.  Motion-based DNA detection using catalytic nanomotors. , 2010, Nature communications.

[196]  E. Klaseboer,et al.  Coalescence or Bounce? How Surfactant Adsorption in Milliseconds Affects Bubble Collision. , 2019, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[197]  Anh V. Nguyen,et al.  Colloidal Science of Flotation , 2003 .

[198]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Nanomechanics of π-cation-π interaction with implications for bio-inspired wet adhesion. , 2020, Acta biomaterialia.

[199]  Xianlong Zhou,et al.  Bubble template synthesis of copper sulfide hollow spheres and their applications in lithium ion battery , 2012 .

[200]  Shikuan Yang,et al.  Theory and experiment on particle trapping and manipulation via optothermally generated bubbles. , 2014, Lab on a chip.

[201]  Kazunari Ohgaki,et al.  Physicochemical approach to nanobubble solutions , 2010 .

[202]  G. Jameson,et al.  A STUDY OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY OF A VERY SMALL INERT GAS BUBBLE SUSPENDED IN AQUEOUS INORGANIC ELECTROLYTE AND CATIONIC SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS , 1993 .

[203]  Hairong Zheng,et al.  Acoustically-active microbubbles conjugated to liposomes: characterization of a proposed drug delivery vehicle. , 2007, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[204]  Colin Robinson,et al.  Complex Chemical Force Titration Behavior of Amine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers , 2001 .

[205]  Shao-ling Huang,et al.  Liposomes in ultrasonic drug and gene delivery. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[206]  Wei Gao,et al.  Nano/Microscale motors: biomedical opportunities and challenges. , 2012, ACS nano.

[207]  Luhong Zhang,et al.  Experimental Study of Precision-Woven Fabrics for Oil-In-Water Emulsion Coalescence: Operating Conditions and Oil Saturation , 2015 .

[208]  Phil Attard,et al.  Effective Spring Constant of Bubbles and Droplets , 2001 .

[209]  Yuhui Wang,et al.  A Smart Responsive Dual Aptamers-Targeted Bubble-Generating Nanosystem for Cancer Triplex Therapy and Ultrasound Imaging. , 2017, Small.

[210]  Filiz Kuralay,et al.  Functionalized micromachines for selective and rapid isolation of nucleic acid targets from complex samples. , 2011, Nano letters.

[211]  B. Murray,et al.  Foam stability: proteins and nanoparticles , 2004 .

[212]  D. Chan,et al.  Probing the Hydrophobic Interaction between Air Bubbles and Partially Hydrophobic Surfaces Using Atomic Force Microscopy , 2014 .

[213]  T. Marhaba,et al.  Ceramic membrane defouling (cleaning) by air Nano Bubbles. , 2016, Chemosphere.

[214]  A. Ashkin Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure , 1970 .

[215]  Sirilak Sattayasamitsathit,et al.  Fully loaded micromotors for combinatorial delivery and autonomous release of cargoes. , 2014, Small.

[216]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Probing the interaction between air bubble and sphalerite mineral surface using atomic force microscope. , 2015, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[217]  Derya Y. Koseoglu-Imer,et al.  Performance evaluation of a submerged membrane bioreactor for the treatment of brackish oil and natural gas field produced water , 2012 .

[218]  K. Tanaka,et al.  Tumor specific ultrasound enhanced gene transfer in vivo with novel liposomal bubbles. , 2008, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[219]  S. Balasubramanian,et al.  Chemical sensing based on catalytic nanomotors: motion-based detection of trace silver. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[220]  Martin Kemper State-of-the-art and new technologies in flotation deinking , 1999 .

[221]  M. Aronson,et al.  Aqueous films on silica in the presence of cationic surfactants , 1978 .

[222]  H. Zeng,et al.  Nanobubbles within a microbubble: synthesis and self-assembly of hollow manganese silicate and its metal-doped derivatives. , 2014, ACS nano.

[223]  Kevin Braeckmans,et al.  Comparison of gold nanoparticle mediated photoporation: vapor nanobubbles outperform direct heating for delivering macromolecules in live cells. , 2014, ACS nano.

[224]  Chuan Zhao,et al.  Dynamic Hydrogen Bubble Templated NiCu Phosphide Electrodes for pH-Insensitive Hydrogen Evolution Reactions , 2018 .

[225]  E. Klaseboer,et al.  Dynamic interactions between drops-a critical assessment. , 2008, Soft matter.

[226]  A. Bhatnagar,et al.  Optimization of coagulation-flocculation and flotation parameters for the treatment of a petroleum refinery effluent from a Portuguese Plant , 2012 .

[227]  Xiaomiao Feng,et al.  Molecularly imprinted polymer-based catalytic micromotors for selective protein transport. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[228]  Jonathan R. Lindner,et al.  Microbubbles in medical imaging: current applications and future directions , 2004, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[229]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Interfacial ion specificity modulates hydrophobic interaction. , 2020, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[230]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  A comparison study on adsorption and interaction behaviors of diluted bitumen and conventional crude oil on model mineral surface , 2019, Fuel.

[231]  R. Horn,et al.  Surface forces measured between an air bubble and a solid surface in water , 2005 .

[232]  B. Conway Ion hydration near air/water interfaces and the structure of liquid surfaces , 1975 .

[233]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Probing Molecular Interactions of Asphaltenes in Heptol Using a Surface Forces Apparatus: Implications on Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. , 2016, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[234]  P. Ghosh,et al.  Microbubble-aided water and wastewater purification: a review , 2012 .

[235]  Wei Gao,et al.  The environmental impact of micro/nanomachines: a review. , 2014, ACS nano.

[236]  Martin Pumera,et al.  Poisoning of bubble propelled catalytic micromotors: the chemical environment matters , 2013, Nanoscale.

[237]  Masayoshi Takahashi,et al.  Formation of hydroxyl radicals by collapsing ozone microbubbles under strongly acidic conditions. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[238]  Richard A. Dawe,et al.  Photographic observations showing spreading and non- spreading of oil on gas bubbles of relevance to gas flotation for oily wastewater cleanup , 2003 .

[239]  D. Chan,et al.  Mobile-surface bubbles and droplets coalesce faster but bounce stronger , 2019, Science Advances.

[240]  Jinhong Guo,et al.  Bilayer Tubular Micromotors for Simultaneous Environmental Monitoring and Remediation. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[241]  S. Creager,et al.  Determination of the surface pK of carboxylic- and amine-terminated alkanethiols using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[242]  R. Pugh Non-ionic polyethylene oxide frothers in graphite flotation , 2000 .

[243]  Lei Pan,et al.  Measurement of hydrophobic forces in thin liquid films of water between bubbles and xanthate-treated gold surfaces , 2016 .

[244]  M. Can,et al.  The effect of water chemistry on froth stability and surface chemistry of the flotation of a Cu–Zn sulfide ore , 2012 .

[245]  Peng Sun,et al.  Flower-like ZnO hollow microspheres loaded with CdO nanoparticles as high performance sensing material for gas sensors , 2017 .

[246]  S. Oshita,et al.  Effects of nanobubbles on the physicochemical properties of water: The basis for peculiar properties of water containing nanobubbles , 2013 .

[247]  B. Gibb,et al.  Anion binding to hydrophobic concavity is central to the salting-in effects of Hofmeister chaotropes. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[248]  R. Dawe,et al.  Gas attachment of oil droplets for gas flotation for oily wastewater cleanup , 2003 .

[249]  A. Nguyen,et al.  Nanobubbles and the nanobubble bridging capillary force. , 2010, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[250]  S. Kaul,et al.  Quantification of renal blood flow with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[251]  E. Klaseboer,et al.  Dynamic interactions between deformable drops in the Hele–Shaw geometry , 2009, 0912.5136.

[252]  Hui Zhang,et al.  Motion-Based pH Sensing Based on the Cartridge-Case-like Micromotor. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[253]  Mingwu Shen,et al.  Phosphorus dendrimer-based copper(II) complexes enable ultrasound-enhanced tumor theranostics , 2020 .

[254]  John S. Andre,et al.  Observing a Chemical Reaction at a Buried Solid/Solid Interface in Situ. , 2020, Analytical chemistry.

[255]  R. Netz,et al.  Specific ion adsorption at hydrophobic solid surfaces. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[256]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Homo- and hetero-interactions between air bubbles and oil droplets measured by atomic force microscopy , 2011 .

[257]  Raymond R Dagastine,et al.  Repulsive van der Waals forces in soft matter: why bubbles do not stick to walls. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[258]  Malte Hermansson,et al.  The DLVO theory in microbial adhesion , 1999 .

[259]  D. Ben‐Amotz,et al.  Expulsion of ions from hydrophobic hydration shells. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[260]  Kanako Tago,et al.  Irrigation with oxygen-nanobubble water can reduce methane emission and arsenic dissolution in a flooded rice paddy , 2015 .

[261]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Interaction forces between bubbles in the presence of novel responsive peptide surfactants. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[262]  M. Ma Froth Flotation of Iron Ores , 2012 .

[263]  K. Loh,et al.  Electrochemical delamination of CVD-grown graphene film: toward the recyclable use of copper catalyst. , 2011, ACS nano.

[264]  R. A. Lauten,et al.  The depression of pyrite in selective flotation by different reagent systems – A Literature review , 2016 .

[265]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Probing effects of molecular-level heterogeneity of surface hydrophobicity on hydrophobic interactions in air/water/solid systems. , 2019, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[266]  Oliver G. Schmidt,et al.  Rolled-up nanotech on polymers: from basic perception to self-propelled catalytic microengines. , 2011, Chemical Society reviews.

[267]  P. Harris,et al.  The effect of ionic strength of plant water on valuable mineral and gangue recovery in a platinum bearing ore from the Merensky reef , 2011 .

[268]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Combined AFM-confocal microscopy of oil droplets: absolute separations and forces in nanofilms , 2011 .

[269]  R. Dagastine,et al.  Measurement of dynamical forces between deformable drops using the atomic force microscope. I. Theory. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[270]  Tailin Xu,et al.  Enteric Micromotor Can Selectively Position and Spontaneously Propel in the Gastrointestinal Tract. , 2016, ACS nano.

[271]  Jacob H. Masliyah,et al.  Role of fine clays in bitumen extraction from oil sands , 2004 .

[272]  Tao Wang,et al.  Internally/Externally Bubble-Propelled Photocatalytic Tubular Nanomotors for Efficient Water Cleaning. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[273]  Qi Liu,et al.  Interaction Mechanisms between Air Bubble and Molybdenite Surface: Impact of Solution Salinity and Polymer Adsorption. , 2017, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[274]  D. Chan,et al.  Measurement and modeling on hydrodynamic forces and deformation of an air bubble approaching a solid sphere in liquids. , 2015, Advances in colloid and interface science.