Cognitive Geography Author ' s personal copy

Glossary Affect Emotional component of psychological states including mood, stress, preference, and attitude. Cognitive Map Spatial and nonspatial knowledge about places stored in the mind. Cognitive Regions Regions in the mind, used by people informally to organize their understanding of the Earth surface. Dead Reckoning Updating orientation by calculating or inferring a new location or heading based on knowledge about movement speed and direction from a known starting point, without recognition of specific features. Hierarchical Spatial Reasoning Reasoning about spatial relationships on the basis of superordinate relations in a hierarchy of places and regions. Landmarks Distinct objects or features in the world that can be noticed and remembered, and serve to organize experience and memory, guide action, and provide a basis for communicating about the world. Route Knowledge Knowledge of linear sequences of landmarks connected by travel patterns, ordered but not necessarily metrically scaled. Survey Knowledge Knowledge of two-dimensional layout from which spatial relations among places can be determined even if direct travel between them has never occurred.