One-step in-syringe ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been proved to be a powerful tool for the rapid sample treatment of liquid samples providing at the same time high enrichment factors and extraction recoveries. A new, simple and easy to handle one step in-syringe set-up for DLLME is presented and critically discussed in this paper. The novel approach avoids the centrifugation step, typically off-line and time consuming, opening-up a new horizon on DLLME automation. The suitability of the proposal is evaluated by means of the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine by liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection. In the presented approach an ionic liquid is used as extractant. The target drugs can be determined in urine within the concentration range 0.02-10 microg mL(-1), allowing their determination at therapeutic and toxic levels. Limits of detection were in the range from 8.3 ng mL(-1) (indomethacin) to 32 ng mL(-1) (ketoprofen). The repeatability of the proposed method expressed as RSD (n=5) varied between 2.5% (for ketoprofen) and 8.6% (for indomethacin).

[1]  A. Anthemidis,et al.  On-line sequential injection dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction system for flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper and lead in water samples. , 2009, Talanta.

[2]  S. Pedersen‐Bjergaard,et al.  Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction for sample preparation of biological fluids prior to capillary electrophoresis. , 1999, Analytical chemistry.

[3]  M. Valcárcel,et al.  Ionic liquid-based dynamic liquid-phase microextraction: application to the determination of anti-inflammatory drugs in urine samples. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[4]  M. Rezaee,et al.  Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[5]  M. Jeannot,et al.  Solvent microextraction into a single drop. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  R. Cela,et al.  Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for organophosphorus flame retardants and plastizicers determination in water samples. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[7]  M. Anbia,et al.  Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection. Very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[8]  M. R. Jamali,et al.  Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: ultra trace determination of cadmium in water samples. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[9]  M. R. Jamali,et al.  Determination of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction then Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection , 2007 .

[10]  H. Bai,et al.  Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[11]  L. Vidal,et al.  Sensitive determination of free benzophenone-3 in human urine samples based on an ionic liquid as extractant phase in single-drop microextraction prior to liquid chromatography analysis. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[12]  M. R. Jamali,et al.  Part-per-trillion determination of chlorobenzenes in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined gas chromatography-electron capture detection. , 2007, Talanta.

[13]  M. Hosseini,et al.  Rapid determination of lead in water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. , 2008, Talanta.

[14]  Huaixia Chen,et al.  LC Determination of Chloramphenicol in Honey Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction , 2008 .

[15]  Zhiqiang Zhou,et al.  Determination of four heterocyclic insecticides by ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in water samples. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[16]  Zheng Hu,et al.  Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of aromatic amines in water samples , 2008 .

[17]  Xiaohuan Zang,et al.  Analysis of captan, folpet, and captafol in apples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography , 2008, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[18]  Hian Kee Lee,et al.  Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Drop of Organic Solvent by Using a Conventional Microsyringe , 1997 .

[19]  M. Valcárcel,et al.  Direct coupling of ionic liquid based single-drop microextraction and GC/MS. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[20]  Jing-fu Liu,et al.  Ionic liquids in sample preparation , 2009, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[21]  F. Cantwell,et al.  Mass Transfer Characteristics of Solvent Extraction into a Single Drop at the Tip of a Syringe Needle , 1997 .

[22]  E. Boido,et al.  Determination of volatile phenols in red wines by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[23]  H. Bai,et al.  Trace determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental samples by temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[24]  Jingtian Hu,et al.  Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[25]  L. Vidal,et al.  Simple and commercial readily-available approach for the direct use of ionic liquid-based single-drop microextraction prior to gas chromatography determination of chlorobenzenes in real water samples as model analytical application. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[26]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[27]  M. Hosseini,et al.  Determination of chlorophenols in water samples using simultaneous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and derivatization followed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.