DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELING OF GRANULAR MATERIALS
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A new model is developed by the author, which does not use the equations of motion but the equations of equilibrium to describe granular materials. The numerical results show great similarities with reality and can generally be described by an advanced Mohr-Coulomb model. However, many contacts between the grains will collapse not due to shear deformation as Coulomb suggests, but due to tension failure. These micro cracks occur always in the direction of the major principal stress, which might be a different direction than the observed failure surface.