A 500-nW floating-gate amplifier with programmable gain

Micro-power voltage amplification is achieved using capacitive feedback via multiple-input floating-gate transistors. The proposed amplifier uses self-biased cascode transistors operating in the subthreshold region for near rail-to-rail output voltage range. Simulations show a 72 kHz GBW when driving 1 pF. Power consumption is 500 nW per stage of gain. Chip measurements of a 4-stage programmable-gain amplifier implemented in a 1.2 /spl mu/m technology confirm functionality of the design.