Dynamic Leapfrog algorithm for power system state estimation

Power system state estimation is a very large-scale, sparse and non-linear problem. The following methods to solve the problem will be tested and compared: Gauss–Newton and the Dynamic Leapfrog method. The IEEE 14-bus power system is used to compare the different solvers. Cases when Gauss–Newton does not converge are identified. The Dynamic leapfrog method is proposed to be used in state estimation to solve these non-convergent cases. For this small-scale power system the dynamic method proves to be numerically robust compared to Gauss–Newton.