Hedgerow Network Patterns and Processes in France

Hedgerows are conspicuous in agricultural landscapes around the world, and when combined into networks, offer a remarkable richness in pattern and consequent function. In contrast with eastern North American hedgerows, which have mainly developed from seeds dropped by birds along fences, in western Europe hedgerows have primarily originated by human planting or as remnants of formerly forested land. These hedgerows in Europe have been constructed, managed, and removed by farmers over centuries, depending on economic, political, and technological changes in society (Meynier, 1970; Dufour, 1976; Rackham, 1986). Such differences in origin and maintenance play key, though incompletely known, roles in hedgerow functioning and change (e.g., Brandt and Agger, 1984; Forman and Godron, 1984; Baudry and Merriam, 1988).

[1]  Jacques Baudry,et al.  Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in landscape ecology , 1984 .

[2]  M. Jambu,et al.  Classification Automatique pour l'Analyse des Donnees. 1. Methodes et Algorithmes@@@Classification Automatique pour l'Analyse des Donnees. 2. Logiciels , 1980 .

[3]  R. Forman,et al.  Landscape Modification and Changing Ecological Characteristics , 1983 .

[4]  J. Baudry.  Interactions between agricultural and ecological systems at the landscape level , 1989 .

[5]  R. Cameron,et al.  Historical and environmental influences on hedgerow snail faunas , 1980 .

[6]  P. L. Leonard,et al.  The farming landscapes of England and Wales: A changing scene , 1977 .

[7]  A. Vink,et al.  Landscape Ecology and Land Use. , 1984 .

[8]  P. Lack.  Hedge intersections and breeding bird distribution in farmland , 1988 .

[9]  E. Pollard.  Hedges. III. The Effect of Removal of the Bottom Flora of a Hawthorn Hedgerow on the Carabidae of the Hedge Bottom , 1968 .

[10]  Monica G. Turner,et al.  Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance , 2011, Ecological Studies.

[11]  Gilbert Saporta,et al.  L'analyse des données , 1981 .

[12]  M. Lamotte,et al.  Recherche d'une entité écologique correspondant à l'étude des paysages: la notion d'écocomplexe , 1988 .

[13]  D. Evelyne.  Thèse de doctorat d'Etat , 1988 .

[14]  R. H. Yahner.  Seasonal dynamics, habitat relationships, and management of avifauna in farmstead shelterbelts , 1983 .

[15]  H. V. Emden,et al.  Insect Stability and Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems , 1974 .

[16]  R. Forman,et al.  Interaction among landscape elements: a core of landscape ecology , 1981 .

[17]  P. Richards.  Ecological Notes on the Bryophytes of Middlesex , 1928 .

[18]  P. Greenslade,et al.  Pitfall Trapping as a Method for Studying Populations of Carabidae (Coleoptera) , 1964 .

[19]  M. Phipps,et al.  Entropy and community pattern analysis , 1981 .

[20]  Harold A. Mooney,et al.  Disturbance and Ecosystems , 1983, Ecological Studies.

[21]  H. Gulinck.  Landscape ecological aspects of agro-ecosystems , 1986 .

[22]  R. O'Neill.  A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems. , 1986 .

[23]  Oliver Rackham,et al.  The History Of The Countryside , 1986 .

[24]  E. Marshall.  The Ecology and Management of Field Margin Floras in England , 1988 .

[25]  I. Rivard.  DISPERSAL OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) ON SOIL SURFACE , 1965 .

[26]  P. Osborne.  Bird numbers and habitat characteristics in farmland hedgerows , 1984 .

[27]  A. Meynier.  Les paysages agraires. , 1958 .

[28]  R. Lebeau.  Les grands types de structures agraires dans le monde , 1969 .

[29]  Thomas B. Starr,et al.  Hierarchy: Perspectives for Ecological Complexity , 1982 .

[30]  Margaret Game,et al.  HISTORICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES IN THE WOODLANDS OF CENTRAL LINCOLNSHIRE , 1984 .

[31]  William H. Romme,et al.  Landscape Diversity: The Concept Applied to Yellowstone Park , 1982 .

[32]  P. Greenslade.  The Distribution, Dispersal and Size of a Population of Nebria brevicollis (F.), with Comparative Studies on Three Other Carabidae , 1964 .

[33]  D. Letourneau,et al.  Developing Sustainable Agroecosystems , 1983 .

[34]  Professor Dr. Hans-Ulrich Thiele.  Carabid Beetles in Their Environments , 1977, Zoophysiology and Ecology.

[35]  J. Pitte,et al.  Histoire du paysage francais , 1984 .

[36]  G. Merriam,et al.  Distribution of Woodland Species in Farmland Woods , 1983 .

[37]  Jacques Baudry,et al.  “Remembrement”: Landscape consolidation in France , 1984 .

[38]  G. W. Arnold.  The influence of ditch and hedgerow structure, length of hedgerows, and area of woodland and garden on bird numbers on farmland , 1983 .