On new measurement and communication techniques of GNSS inter-satellite links

This paper studies the key techniques of the measurement and communication system for inter-satellite links (ISLs) of global navigation satellite system. A fixed link topology is designed based on the analysis of inter-satellite geometric properties and spatial parameters of the standard Walker24/3/2 constellation. This design can achieve full network coverage with small number of hops, significantly reduce the number of ISLs, and enhance the feasibility and reliability of the system. A new time-division duplex mode, as well as an integrated measurement and communication scheme, is proposed based on the designed topology. Furthermore, mathematical formulas, error models, and modification methods regarding two-way ranging and time synchronization algorithms using spread spectrum non-coherent data frame for this new system are comprehensively discussed. Theoretical analysis and simulation studies demonstrate that our design, compared with current GPS systems, has higher ranging and time synchronization precision, improved measurement efficiency, and higher channel utilization ratio and data transmission rate. It has no restrictions of constellation configuration, making it suitable for both MEO and the future MEO/GEO hybrid constellations. The results in this paper can serve as strong technical support for the next generation of GNSS ISL.