Giant study poses DNA data-sharing dilemma
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A fter dozens of unsuccessful treatments, Eric Dishman started to suspect that his illness was due to something other than the rare kidney cancer he was diagnosed with in 1989. Five years ago, he had his whole genome sequenced, then gave the data to oncologists — and learned that he had a different type of cancer altogether. He was treated successfully, and remains cancer-free. " I was an early prototype for precision medicine, " he says. Dishman now leads the health and life-sciences division of microprocessor giant Intel in Banks, Oregon. He is also a member of a working group run by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) for the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) — a US$215-million project to collect data on genomes, health records and physiological measurements from 1 million participants, to learn how genetics, environment and lifestyle influence disease risk and the effectiveness of treatments. Next month, the group is expected to release a project plan. Observers are eager to learn its answer to a key question: how much information about disease risk, especially genetic data, will the project share with participants? That issue is the subject of much debate. Dishman and others say that participants should at least have the option to see all their personal data so that they can investigate their own health, just as he did. But some specialists in the field say that showing participants their data is irresponsible, because the information is challenging for people to interpret and its significance is often uncertain. Most genetic variants linked to disease increase risk only slightly, yet people who discover that their genome holds such a variant might worry excessively or seek unnecessary PERSONALIZED MEDICINE Health study set to decide data policy Specialists are split over whether participants should have free access to their genetic information. vacuum pipe in which to circulate the electrons. In MAX IV's case, the pipe is 22 millimetres across, about half as wide as in a typical existing synchrotron. This makes it possible to get stronger magnetic fields using more-compact bending and focusing magnets, which are also less expensive and can consume ten times less electricity than third-generation systems because of their smaller size. But keeping such a narrow pipe free of air would not have been possible using conventional high-vacuum pumps alone. MAX IV borrowed a technology from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Europe's particle-physics facility …