SPEAKER CHARACTERISTICS FROM A GLOTTAL AIRFLOW MODEL USING ROBUST INVERSE FILTERING

Here the excitation, u(n), is the volume velocity or volume flow rate of air through the glottis, V(z) is a linear filter representing the vocal tract and R(z) is a linear filter representing the lip radiation. The input to R(z) is the volume velocity at the lips while the output, s(n), is the pressure waveform at the microphone. For frequencies below a few kHz, R(z) approximates a differentiator [20] and in this work it is taken to be (1 1 − − z ). Providing the characteristics of the vocal tract do not change significantly during the impulse response of R(z), we can interchange V(z) and R(z) without altering the output signal. The input to V(z) is now u'(n) , the first difference of the glottal airflow waveform:

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