Site, type, and local mechanism of tibial shaft fracture in drivers in frontal automobile crashes.

The location, type, and local mechanism of tibial shaft fracture were determined for 66 drivers injured in frontal automobile crashes. The results from the analyses showed that the distal third is the most common fracture location (p<0.05) and that bending is responsible for the majority of these fractures regardless of the fracture site. These findings indicate that the current injury criterion for predicting the occurrence of tibial shaft fracture in crash tests with anthropometric test devices is appropriate in terms of accounting for the primary mechanism of fracture but that increased protective effectiveness could be achieved by redefining the criterion for the distal third shaft section instead of the currently specified mid-shaft section of the tibia.

[1]  A. Sarmiento,et al.  Prefabricated functional braces for the treatment of fractures of the tibial diaphysis. , 1984, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[2]  U. Bengnér,et al.  Incidence of femoral and tibial shaft fractures. Epidemiology 1950-1983 in Malmö, Sweden. , 1990, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[3]  Rodney W Rudd,et al.  The Effect of Tibial Curvature and Fibular Loading on the Tibia Index , 2004, Traffic injury prevention.

[4]  Pete Thomas,et al.  The nature and cause of lower limb injuries in car crashes , 1991 .

[5]  Jason R. Kerrigan,et al.  Dynamic Response Corridors of the Human Thigh and Leg in Non-Midpoint Three-Point Bending , 2005 .

[6]  Y. Jp,et al.  Isolated fractures of the tibia with intact fibula in children: a review of 95 patients. , 1997 .

[7]  P C Dischinger,et al.  Lower limb response and injury in frontal crashes. , 1998, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[8]  Waddell Jp,et al.  Complications of tibial shaft fractures. , 1983 .

[9]  Y. Nakatsuchi,et al.  Assessment of fracture healing in the tibia using the impulse response method. , 1996, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[10]  Patricia C. Dischinger,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF FOOTWELL INTRUSION ON LOWER EXTREMITY RESPONSE AND INJURY IN FRONTAL CRASHES , 1995 .

[11]  Guy S. Nusholtz,et al.  Static and dynamic bending strength of the leg , 1997 .

[12]  James T. Patrie,et al.  Tolerance of the human leg and thigh in dynamic latero-medial bending , 2004 .

[13]  J. Mast,et al.  The use of endosteal substitution in the treatment of recalcitrant nonunions of the femur: report of seven cases. , 1996, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[14]  J. Melvin,et al.  Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention , 1993 .

[15]  G. H. Freeman,et al.  Note on an exact treatment of contingency, goodness of fit and other problems of significance. , 1951, Biometrika.

[16]  F. G. Evans,et al.  Strength of biological materials , 1970 .

[17]  Patricia C. Dischinger,et al.  Lower extremity trauma in vehicular front-seat occupants , 1994 .

[18]  Andrew Morris,et al.  MECHANISMS OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES TO FRONT SEAT CAR OCCUPANTS: AN IN DEPTH ACCIDENT ANALYSIS , 1997 .

[19]  A. Sarmiento,et al.  Factors influencing the outcome of closed tibial fractures treated with functional bracing. , 1995, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[20]  G. Hooper.  Isolated fractures of the shaft of the ulna. , 1974, Injury.

[21]  A. Sarmiento,et al.  Tibial shaft fractures treated with functional braces. Experience with 780 fractures. , 1989, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[22]  K. Pande,et al.  Nonunion of the Diaphysis of Long Bones , 2005, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[23]  R. Johner,et al.  Classification of tibial shaft fractures and correlation with results after rigid internal fixation. , 1983, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[24]  Louis J. Brown,et al.  Characterization of CIREN , 2001 .

[25]  John D. States,et al.  Adult Occupant Injuries of the Lower Limb , 1986 .

[26]  Nicoll Ea.  FRACTURES OF THE TIBIAL SHAFT. A SURVEY OF 705 CASES. , 1964 .

[27]  Patricia C. Dischinger,et al.  FOOT AND ANKLE INJURY: THE ROLES OF DRIVER ANTHROPOMETRY, FOOTWEAR, AND PEDAL CONTROLS , 1996 .