Ground-Based Measurements of the Wake Vortex Characteristics of a B-747 Aircraft in Various Configurations.

A Boeing 747 aircraft flew 54 passes at low altitude over ground-based sensors. Vortex velocities were measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter, an array of monostatic acoustic sounders, and an array of propeller anemometers. Flow visualization of the wake was achieved using smoke and balloon tracers and was recorded photographically. Data were obtained on vortex velocity fields, vortex decay, and the effects of spoilers and differential flap settings on the dissipation and structure of the vortices. (Author)