Modular Spoke-Type Permanent-Magnet Machine for In-Wheel Traction Applications

This paper proposes a novel modular spoke-type permanent-magnet machine for in-wheel traction applications. First, the topology and the operating principle are briefly introduced. Then, an analytical model of the proposed machine is deduced based on conformal mapping. A three-phase 48-slot 52-pole modular spoke-type permanent-magnet (PM) machine is designed based on the deduced mathematical model where the dimensions and power source are constrained the same as those of a commercial three-phase surface PM machine in electric motorcycles. Electromagnetic performance comparisons among the proposed machine, the commercial machine, and a conventional spoke-type PM machine are conducted based on finite-element analysis (FEA) with respect to magnetic field, back electromotive force (EMF), flux-weakening capability, torque capability, machine efficiency, etc. The results indicate that the proposed machine has an improved torque, a higher efficiency, and an extremely better flux-weakening capability than the conventional in-wheel machine. Finally, a prototype machine is manufactured and tested to verify both the analytically and FEA predicted results.

[1]  Wei Hua,et al.  General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[2]  Takehiro Imura,et al.  Development of Wireless In-Wheel Motor Using Magnetic Resonance Coupling , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[3]  Ching Chuen Chan,et al.  Overview of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[4]  Wei Hua,et al.  Coupled magnetic-thermal fields analysis of water cooling flux-switching permanent magnet motors by an axially segmented model , 2017, 2016 IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC).

[5]  Wei Hua,et al.  A novel outer-rotor-permanent magnet flux-switching machine for in-wheel light traction , 2016, IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[6]  Ming-Tsan Peng,et al.  Design and Analysis of an In-Wheel Motor With Hybrid Pole–Slot Combinations , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[7]  Jin Huang,et al.  Design, Analysis, and Sensorless Control of a Self-Decelerating Permanent-Magnet In-Wheel Motor , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[8]  Yi Li,et al.  Analytical Prediction of Magnetic Field Distribution in Spoke-Type Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Accounting for Bridge Saturation and Magnet Shape , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  Weizhong Fei,et al.  Investigation of Torque Characteristics in a Novel Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine With an Outer-Rotor Configuration , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[10]  Jie Wang,et al.  Electronic Stability Control Based on Motor Driving and Braking Torque Distribution for a Four In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[11]  Ka Wai Eric Cheng,et al.  Multi-Objective Optimization Design of In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motors in Electric Vehicles , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  Li Quan,et al.  Design and Multicondition Comparison of Two Outer-Rotor Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Motors for In-Wheel Traction Applications , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[13]  Wentao Huang,et al.  Analytical Approach for Cogging Torque Reduction in Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines Based on Magnetomotive Force-Permeance Model , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Fu Lin,et al.  Noise Analysis, Calculation, and Reduction of External Rotor Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Ming Cheng,et al.  Thermal Modeling of Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines Considering Anisotropic Conductivity and Thermal Contact Resistance , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[16]  Wei Hua,et al.  An Improved Configuration for Cogging Torque Reduction in Flux-Reversal Permanent Magnet Machines , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[17]  Z. Q. Zhu,et al.  Comparison of Cogging Torque Reduction in Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines by Conventional and Herringbone Skewing Techniques , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[18]  Sichao Yang,et al.  Cost reduction of a permanent magnet in-wheel electric vehicle traction motor , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM).

[19]  Ming Cheng,et al.  An Outer-Rotor Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet-Machine With Wedge-Shaped Magnets for In-Wheel Light Traction , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[20]  Weizhong Fei,et al.  A Novel Permanent-Magnet Flux Switching Machine With an Outer-Rotor Configuration for In-Wheel Light Traction Applications , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[21]  Hiroshi Fujimoto,et al.  Driving force control for electric vehicles with four in-wheel-motors on split-friction surfaces , 2017, 2017 American Control Conference (ACC).

[22]  Z. Zhu,et al.  Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. I. Open-circuit field , 1993 .

[23]  Dong-Jun Kim,et al.  Development of a 20-Pole–24-Slot SPMSM With Consequent Pole Rotor for In-Wheel Direct Drive , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[24]  Z. Zhu,et al.  Analysis of Air-Gap Field Modulation and Magnetic Gearing Effects in Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machines , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[25]  Z.Q. Zhu,et al.  Reduction of cogging torque in interior-magnet brushless machines , 2003, Digest of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference (Cat. No.03CH37401).

[26]  Wei Hua,et al.  Analysis of Back-EMF Waveform of a Novel Outer-Rotor-Permanent-Magnet Flux-Switching Machine , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[27]  Wei Hua,et al.  Flux-Regulation Theories and Principles of Hybrid-Excited Flux-Switching Machines , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[28]  Z. Zhu,et al.  Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. III. Effect of stator slotting , 1993 .

[29]  K. J. Binns,et al.  Analysis and computation of electric and magnetic field problems , 1973 .

[30]  D. Lin,et al.  Analytical Prediction of Cogging Torque for Spoke Type Permanent Magnet Machines , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[31]  B. C. Mecrow,et al.  Fault tolerant in-wheel motor topologies for high performance electric vehicles , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC).

[32]  Kais Atallah,et al.  Modular Three-Phase Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machines for In-Wheel Applications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.