Abstract Lusaka is a city originally designed and built for European residents, to meet European needs and comforts. In the colonial period the African residents were either domestic servants living within European households’ compounds or were other contracted wage-labourers who were confined to the areas of south-western Lusaka specifically allocated to them. Europeans preferred male domestic help; women and children living at close quarters were thought to be potentially disruptive and were therefore discouraged from moving into the towns. A gender division between town and country was created; so too were cultural assumptions about gender, housing and employment, assumptions still widely held today. Pressure to find waged employment in Zambia has increased, and as a result the population of Lusaka is growing rapidly and shelter is in increasingly short supply. The article argues that domestic employment is still the largest single segment of the urban wage-labouring population. The historically constructed cultural assumptions about gender and housing have led to differential access to housing for men and women. Now that more and more women are seeking waged employment, the article uses their relation to domestic employment as an instance through which to explore the wider position of women in Zambia, and to initiate, it is hoped, some gender awareness in Zambian housing policy. Résumé Lusaka est une ville à l'origine construite pour des résidents européens, pour satisfaire les besoins et le confort de l'européen. A l'époque coloniale, les résidents africains étaient, soit des employés domestiques vivant dans l'enceinte de la maisonnee européenne, soit engagés comme ouvriers salariés alors confinés dans des zones, au sud-ouest de Lusaka, qui leur étaient particulièrement destinées. Comme domestiques, les européens préféraient employer des hommes; les femmes et les enfants vivant dans les quartiers proches étaient considérés potentiellement perturbateurs et on les dissuadait de venir s'installer dans les villes. Un déséquilibre des sexes entre ville et campagne se forma; ainsi se créèrent les présomptions culturelles sur l'inégalité des femmes, le logement et l'emploi, encore largement estimées de nos jours. La pression pour trouver un emploi salarié en Zambie se fait davantage sentir, et, en conséquence, la population de Lusaka augmente rapidement, alors que les abris sont de plus en plus limités. L'article indique que les employés de maison constituent encore la part la plus importante de la population salariée urbaine. En raison des présomptions culturelles sur la différence des sexes et sur le logement, les hommes et les femmes n'ont pas les mêmes accès à l'habitation. A travers l'exemple des femmes en relation avec les travaux domestiques, et étant entendu que de plus en plus de femmes cherchent désormais un emploi remunéré, l'article examine l'élargissement de la position des femmes en Zambie et souhaite sensibliser la politique du logement en Zambie au problème de la différence des sexes.
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