The Trends and Influential Factors of Children's Use of Outdoor Environments: A Review

In the past two decades, there has been a raft of research on children’s behaviour and their interaction with outdoor environment. The aim of this paper is to present a synthesis of 30 studies from 1985 to 2010 on children’s use of outdoor environments. The aspects taken into consideration include methodological issues and factors that influence the use of outdoor environments. The trends of the studies are discussed. In summary, the children’s place preferences and play behaviours in the outdoor environments are influenced by their developmental needs, individual, physical and social factors.

[1]  K. Blakely,et al.  Parents' Conceptions of Social Dangers to Children in the Urban Environment. , 1994 .

[2]  E. Reed Encountering the world: Toward an ecological psychology. , 1997 .

[3]  Deborah A. Simmons,et al.  Urban Children's Preferences for Nature: Lessons for Environmental Education. , 1994 .

[4]  M. Kyttä The extent of children's independent mobility and the number of actualized affordances as criteria for child-friendly environments , 2004 .

[5]  N. Owen,et al.  Environmental Determinants of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior , 2000, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[6]  Marco Huttenmoser,et al.  Children and Their Living Surroundings: Empirical Investigations into the Significance of Living Surroundings for the Everyday Life and Development of Children. , 1995 .

[7]  Gill Valentine,et al.  Children's outdoor play: exploring parental concerns about children's safety and the changing nature of childhood , 1997 .

[8]  Harry Heft,et al.  Affordances of children's environments: A functional approach to environmental description. , 1988 .

[9]  S. Bredekamp Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8 , 1987 .

[10]  J. Salmon,et al.  Children's active free play in local neighborhoods: a behavioral mapping study. , 2007, Health education research.

[11]  Robert S. Lockhart,et al.  Safety in Children’s Formal Play Environments , 1976 .

[12]  L. van Blerk Working with children in development , 2006 .

[13]  Robert Sheehan,et al.  Preschoolers’ Play Behavior in Outdoor Environments: Effects of Traditional and Contemporary Playgrounds , 1986 .

[14]  Gareth Rice,et al.  Making Sense of Places , 2009 .

[15]  E. Masini,et al.  Children's participation: The theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care , 1998 .

[16]  Janet E. Dyment,et al.  The relationship between school ground design and intensity of physical activity , 2009 .

[17]  Jeanne Ellis Ormrod,et al.  Child Development and Education , 2001 .

[18]  S. Kellert Experiencing nature: Affective, cognitive, and evaluative development in children. , 2002 .

[19]  J. Salmon,et al.  Where do children usually play? A qualitative study of parents' perceptions of influences on children's active free-play. , 2006, Health & place.

[20]  Louise Chawla,et al.  Childhood Place Attachments , 1992 .

[21]  Susan Herrington,et al.  Landscape interventions: new directions for the design of children's outdoor play environments , 1998 .

[22]  Jean Billman,et al.  Observation and Participation in Early Childhood Settings: A Practicum Guide, Birth Through Age Five , 1995 .

[23]  Aydin Ozdemir,et al.  Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools , 2008 .

[24]  Mark Powell,et al.  The Hidden Curriculum of Recess , 2023, Children, Youth and Environments.

[25]  Ingunn Fjørtoft,et al.  The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape , 2000 .

[26]  Theodore A. Mork,et al.  Young Children , 1949, Nature.

[27]  Anita R. Olds Psychological and physiological harmony in child care center design. , 1989 .

[28]  E. Reed The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1989 .

[29]  J. Gibson The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[30]  F. E. Kuo,et al.  VIEWS OF NATURE AND SELF-DISCIPLINE: EVIDENCE FROM INNER CITY CHILDREN , 2002 .

[31]  Marketta Kyttä,et al.  AFFORDANCES OF CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF CITIES, SMALL TOWNS, SUBURBS AND RURAL VILLAGES IN FINLAND AND BELARUS , 2002 .

[32]  G. Castonguay,et al.  Children's appreciation of outdoor places in a poor neighborhood , 2009 .

[33]  N. L. Holta,et al.  Neighborhood and developmental differences in children’s perceptions of opportunities for play and physical activity , 2007 .

[34]  Byungho Min,et al.  Children's neighborhood place as a psychological and behavioral domain , 2006 .

[35]  Janet E. Dyment,et al.  Green School Grounds as Sites for Outdoor Learning: Barriers and Opportunities , 2005 .