Current issues in the neuropsychology of image generation

Image generation is the process by which long-term memory knowledge of the visual appearance of objects or scenes is used to create a short-term, percept-like image. In this article I will review recent neuropsychological evidence relevant to two questions about image generation: First, is there a distinct component of the cognitive architecture dedicated to image generation? Second, what brain regions are directly involved with image generation?

[1]  G. Ryle,et al.  心的概念 = The concept of mind , 1962 .

[2]  M. Steiner,et al.  Cerebral correlates of imagining colours, faces and a map—I. SPECT of regional cerebral blood flow , 1989, Neuropsychologia.

[3]  Martha J. Farah,et al.  A case study of mental imagery deficit , 1988, Brain and Cognition.

[4]  N. Tzourio,et al.  Different mental imagery abilities result in different regional cerebral blood flow activation patterns during cognitive tasks , 1992, Neuropsychologia.

[5]  J. K. Eddy,et al.  Reading and listening to high and low imagery sentences , 1981 .

[6]  Brenda Milner,et al.  Right temporal-lobe contribution to image-mediated verbal learning , 1978, Neuropsychologia.

[7]  Cheryl L. Grady,et al.  Functional Associations among Human Posterior Extrastriate Brain Regions during Object and Spatial Vision , 1992, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[8]  D. Levine,et al.  Visual and spatial mental imagery: Dissociable systems of representation , 1988, Cognitive Psychology.

[9]  Klaus Willmes,et al.  Regional cerebral blood flow patterns in visual imagery , 1989, Neuropsychologia.

[10]  James L. McClelland,et al.  On the control of automatic processes: a parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. , 1990, Psychological review.

[11]  C. B. Cave,et al.  Evidence for two types of spatial representations: hemispheric specialization for categorical and coordinate relations. , 1989, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[12]  S. Kosslyn.  Seeing and imagining in the cerebral hemispheres: a computational approach. , 1987, Psychological review.

[13]  Ivo Podreka,et al.  Contributions of occipital and temporal brain regions to visual and acoustic imagery—A spect study , 1991, Neuropsychologia.

[14]  R. Shepard,et al.  CHRONOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE ROTATION OF MENTAL IMAGES , 1973 .

[15]  Martha J. Farah,et al.  Electrophysiological evidence for a shared representational medium for visual images and visual percepts. , 1988, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[16]  L. Brooks.  Spatial and verbal components of the act of recall. , 1968 .

[17]  Georg Goldenberg,et al.  Loss of visual imagery and loss of visual knowledge—A case study , 1992, Neuropsychologia.

[18]  P E Roland,et al.  Localization of cortical areas activated by thinking. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[19]  M. Farah.  The neurological basis of mental imagery: A componential analysis , 1984, Cognition.

[20]  J. Mazziotta,et al.  Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography , 1994, Nature.

[21]  W. Chase,et al.  Visual information processing. , 1974 .

[22]  D. Grossi,et al.  A Critical Review of Mental Imagery Defects , 1994, Brain and Cognition.

[23]  J. Sergent,et al.  Imagery in a commissurotomized patient , 1988, Neuropsychologia.

[24]  W. H. Moore,et al.  EEG alpha asymmetries in stutterers and non-stutterers: Effects of linguistic variables on hemispheric processing and fluency , 1990, Neuropsychologia.

[25]  J. Peña-Casanova,et al.  Optic aphasia, optic apraxia, and loss of dreaming , 1985, Brain and Language.

[26]  Generation of multipart images in the disconnected cerebral hemispheres , 1990 .

[27]  M J Farah,et al.  Mechanisms of imagery-perception interaction. , 1989, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[28]  A. David,et al.  Visual imagery and visual semantics in the cerebral hemispheres in schizophrenia , 1993, Schizophrenia Research.

[29]  Georg Goldenberg,et al.  Visual imagery and knowledge about the visual appearance of objects in patients with posterior cerebral artery lesions , 1991, Brain and Cognition.

[30]  A C Chen,et al.  Cognitive neuropsychophysiology of thought imagery versus imagination imagery. , 1991, The International journal of neuroscience.

[31]  E. Bizzi,et al.  The Cognitive Neurosciences , 1996 .

[32]  M. K. Jones,et al.  Imagery as a mnemonic aid after left temporal lobectomy: contrast between material-specific and generalized memory disorders. , 1974, Neuropsychologia.

[33]  M. Jane Riddoch,et al.  Loss of visual imagery : a generation deficit , 1990 .

[34]  Morris Moscovitch,et al.  Dissociation between mental imagery and object recognition in a brain-damaged patient , 1992, Nature.

[35]  E. Renzi,et al.  Prosopagnosia can be associated with damage confined to the right hemisphere—An MRI and PET study and a review of the literature , 1994, Neuropsychologia.

[36]  Martha J. Farah,et al.  The laterality of mental image generation: A test with normal subjects , 1986, Neuropsychologia.

[37]  S. Kosslyn.  Aspects of a cognitive neuroscience of mental imagery. , 1988, Science.

[38]  E. Bisiach,et al.  Loss of mental imagery: A case study , 1980, Neuropsychologia.

[39]  J. Sergent.  About face: left-hemisphere involvement in processing physiognomies. , 1982, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[40]  J L Bradshaw,et al.  Interhemispheric effects on reaction time to verbal and nonverbal visual stimuli. , 1971, Journal of experimental psychology.

[41]  B. F. Skinner,et al.  Why I am Not a Cognitive Psychologist , 1977 .

[42]  E. Bisiach,et al.  Unilateral Neglect of Representational Space , 1978, Cortex.

[43]  Marilyn Jones-Gotman,et al.  Incidental Learning of Image-Mediated or Pronounced Words after Right Temporal Lobectomy , 1979, Cortex.

[44]  H. Lempert.  Effect of imaging sentences on concurrent unimanual performance , 1987, Neuropsychologia.

[45]  J. Sergent,et al.  Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study. , 1992, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[46]  C Luzzatti,et al.  Unilateral neglect, representational schema and consciousness. , 1979, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[47]  G. Ratcliff,et al.  Externalising spatial knowledge in patients with right hemisphere lesions , 1985 .

[48]  L. Deecke,et al.  Elaborative strategies in word pair learning—DC-potential correlates of differential frontal and temporal lobe involvement , 1990, Neuropsychologia.

[49]  Carlo Semenza,et al.  Generating visual mental images: Deficit after brain damage , 1995, Neuropsychologia.

[50]  J. Sergent.  The neuropsychology of visual image generation: Data, method, and theory , 1990, Brain and Cognition.

[51]  B. Turetsky,et al.  The cerebral laterality of mental image generation in normal subjects. , 1990, Psychophysiology.

[52]  R W Sperry,et al.  Reception of bilateral chimeric figures following hemispheric deconnexion. , 1972, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[53]  S. Kosslyn,et al.  Visual Mental Imagery Activates Topographically Organized Visual Cortex: PET Investigations , 1993, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[54]  J. Sergent,et al.  Perceptual categorization in the cerebral hemispheres , 1983, Brain and Cognition.

[55]  Klaus Willmes,et al.  Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow related to memorizing of high and low imagery words—An emission computer tomography study , 1987, Neuropsychologia.

[56]  Marcel Kinsbourne,et al.  Preserved Visual Imagery and Categorization in a Case of Associative Visual Agnosia , 1992, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[57]  Right Hemisphere Performance and Competence in Processing Mental Images, in a Case of Partial Interhemispheric Disconnection , 1993, Brain and Cognition.

[58]  W Lang,et al.  Cortical DC potential shifts accompanying auditory and visual short-term memory. , 1992, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[59]  M. Farah.  Visual Agnosia: Disorders of Object Recognition and What They Tell Us about Normal Vision , 1990 .

[60]  J Sergent,et al.  Image generation and processing of generated images in the cerebral hemispheres. , 1989, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[61]  K M Heilman,et al.  Differential impact of right and left hemisphere lesions on facial emotion and object imagery. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[62]  P E Roland,et al.  Does mental activity change the oxidative metabolism of the brain? , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[63]  Fabrizio Doricchi,et al.  Generation of skeletal and multipart mental visual images in the cerebral hemispheres: A study in normal subjects , 1995, Neuropsychologia.

[64]  Mario Liotti,et al.  Visuoimaginal constructional apraxia: On a case of selective deficit of imagery , 1986, Brain and Cognition.

[65]  L. Deecke,et al.  Regional cerebral blood flow patterns related to verification of low- and high-imagery sentences , 1992, Neuropsychologia.

[66]  G Goldenberg,et al.  The ability of patients with brain damage to generate mental visual images. , 1989, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[67]  M. Farah,et al.  Brain Activity Underlying Mental Imagery: Event-related Potentials During Mental Image Generation , 1989, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[68]  M. S. Mayzner,et al.  Cognition And Reality , 1976 .

[69]  S. Kosslyn,et al.  A computational analysis of mental image generation: evidence from functional dissociations in split-brain patients. , 1985 .

[70]  B. Gulyás,et al.  Functional anatomy of storage, recall, and recognition of a visual pattern in man. , 1990, Neuroreport.

[71]  M. Steiner,et al.  Cerebral correlates of imagining colours, faces and a map—II. Negative cortical DC potentials , 1990, Neuropsychologia.

[72]  Stephen M. Kosslyn,et al.  A left hemisphere basis for visual mental imagery? , 1985, Neuropsychologia.

[73]  H. Lempert.  Effect of imaging vs silently rehearsing sentences on concurrent unimanual tapping: A follow-up , 1989, Neuropsychologia.

[74]  Vera Maljkovic,et al.  Two types of image generation: Evidence for left and right hemisphere processes , 1995, Neuropsychologia.

[75]  John Barrett,et al.  Right hemispheric specialization for mental imagery: A review of the evidence , 1983, Brain and Cognition.

[76]  L. Tippett.  The generation of visual images: a review of neuropsychological research and theory. , 1992, Psychological bulletin.

[77]  B. Skinner,et al.  Reflections on behaviorism and society , 1978 .