Wind Flow and Vapor Cloud Dispersion at Industrial and Urban Sites

Wind flow and vapor cloud dispersion at industrial and urban site , Wind flow and vapor cloud dispersion at industrial and urban site , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

[1]  R. Macdonald,et al.  Modelling The Mean Velocity Profile In The Urban Canopy Layer , 2000 .

[2]  B. E. Lee,et al.  A wind tunnel study of the mean pressure forces acting on large groups of low-rise buildings , 1980 .

[3]  Ronald L. Petersen.  Effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous surface roughness on heavier-than-air gas dispersion , 1990 .

[4]  T. Oke.  Street design and urban canopy layer climate , 1988 .

[5]  E. F. Bradley,et al.  Drag due to regular arrays of roughness elements of varying geometry , 1973 .

[6]  A. H. Auer,et al.  Correlation of Land Use and Cover with Meteorological Anomalies , 1978 .

[7]  Jon Wiernga.  Representative roughness parameters for homogeneous terrain , 1993 .

[8]  Valéry Masson,et al.  A Physically-Based Scheme For The Urban Energy Budget In Atmospheric Models , 2000 .

[9]  Marcel Bottema,et al.  Urban roughness modelling in relation to pollutant dispersion , 1997 .

[10]  K. W. Steinberg,et al.  Overview of Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) dense gas dispersion modeling project , 2001 .

[11]  Ccps.  Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis , 1999 .

[12]  Ronald M. Cionco,et al.  A Mathematical Model for Air Flow in a Vegetative Canopy , 1965 .

[13]  C. J. Moore,et al.  Zero-plane displacement and roughness length for tall vegetation, derived from a simple mass conservation hypothesis , 1985 .

[14]  Michael R. Raupach,et al.  A wind-tunnel study of turbulent flow close to regularly arrayed rough surfaces , 1980 .

[15]  Wind-tunnel studies of roughness effects in gas dispersion , 1994 .

[16]  Mathias W. Rotach,et al.  On the influence of the urban roughness sublayer on turbulence and dispersion , 1999 .

[17]  S. Belcher,et al.  Atmospheric Flow through Groups of Buildings and Dispersion from Localised Sources , 1995 .

[18]  A. Lo.  On the determination of zero-plane displacement and roughness length for flow over forest canopies , 1990 .

[19]  C. S. B. Grimmond,et al.  Aerodynamic Roughness of Urban Areas Derived from Wind Observations , 1998, Boundary-Layer Meteorology.

[20]  M. Rotach.  Profiles of turbulence statistics in and above an urban street canyon , 1995 .

[21]  Richard Griffiths,et al.  Field experiments of dispersion through regular arrays of cubic structures , 1997 .

[22]  Steven R. Hanna,et al.  Boundary-layer parameterizations for applied dispersion modeling over urban areas , 1992 .

[23]  Rex Britter,et al.  Estimates of building surface concentrations from nearby point sources , 1982 .

[24]  Rex Britter,et al.  Short-range vertical dispersion from a ground level source in a turbulent boundary layer , 2003 .

[25]  W. Theurer.  TYPICAL BUILDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR URBAN AIR POLLUTION MODELLING , 1999 .

[26]  Steven R. Hanna,et al.  Handbook on atmospheric diffusion , 1982 .

[27]  Rex Britter.  Modelling flow over complex terrain and implications for determining the extent of adjacent terrain to be modelled , 1982 .

[28]  Steven R. Hanna,et al.  Uncertainties in source emission rate estimates using dispersion models , 1990 .

[29]  John L. Woodward.  Estimating the Flammable Mass of a Vapor Cloud (A CCPS Concept Book) , 1998 .

[30]  S. Belcher,et al.  On the Parameterisation of the Effective Roughness Length for Momentum Transfer over Heterogeneous Terrain , 1999 .

[31]  J. Deardorff.  Convective Velocity and Temperature Scales for the Unstable Planetary Boundary Layer and for Rayleigh Convection , 1970 .

[32]  Ilias Mavroidis,et al.  Experimental investigation of the residence of contaminants in the wake of an obstacle under different stability conditions , 1999 .

[33]  Ermak.  User's manual for SLAB: An atmospheric dispersion model for denser-than-air-releases , 1990 .

[34]  D. Wilson.  Concentration Fluctuations and Averaging Time in Vapor Clouds: Wilson/Concentration , 1995 .

[35]  R. Britter,et al.  Dense gas vertical diffusion over rough surfaces: results of wind-tunnel studies , 2001 .

[36]  R H Varey,et al.  Atmospheric Diffusion (3rd edn) , 1984 .

[37]  Richard J. Perkins,et al.  Plume dispersion through large groups of obstacles – a field investigation , 1995 .

[38]  P. Jackson.  On the displacement height in the logarithmic velocity profile , 1981, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[39]  Timothy R. Oke,et al.  Aerodynamic Properties of Urban Areas Derived from Analysis of Surface Form , 1999 .

[40]  M. Raupach.  Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces , 1992 .

[41]  T. Spicer,et al.  Wind tunnel study of air entrainment into two-dimensional dense gas plumes at the Chemical Hazards Research Center , 2001 .

[42]  J. Monteith,et al.  Boundary Layer Climates. , 1979 .

[43]  T. W. Horst,et al.  How Far is Far Enough?: The Fetch Requirements for Micrometeorological Measurement of Surface Fluxes , 1994 .

[44]  R. L. Petersen,et al.  A wind tunnel evaluation of methods for estimating surface roughness length at industrial facilities , 1997 .

[45]  William H. Snyder.  Wind-tunnel study of entrainment in two-dimensional dense-gas plumes at the EPA's fluid modeling facility , 2001 .

[46]  Alan Robins,et al.  Dispersion from elevated sources above obstacle arrays: modelling requirements , 2000 .

[47]  Rex Britter,et al.  ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION OF DENSE GASES , 1989 .

[48]  Rex Britter,et al.  Velocity measurements and order of magnitude estimates of the flow between two buildings in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer , 1979 .

[49]  C. Ratti,et al.  Analysis of 3-D Urban Databases with Respect to Pollution Dispersion for a Number of European and American Cities , 2001 .

[50]  Alongwind Dispersion—A Simple Similarity Formula Compared with Observations at 11 Field Sites and in One Wind Tunnel , 2000 .

[51]  J. Garratt.  Review of Drag Coefficients over Oceans and Continents , 1977 .

[52]  H. Lettau.  Note on Aerodynamic Roughness-Parameter Estimation on the Basis of Roughness-Element Description , 1969 .

[53]  T. W. Horst,et al.  Footprint estimation for scalar flux measurements in the atmospheric surface layer , 1992 .

[54]  J. Finnigan,et al.  Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: The mixing-layer analogy , 1996 .

[55]  A. Thom.  Momentum absorption by vegetation , 1971 .

[56]  R. A. Antonia,et al.  Rough-Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers , 1991 .

[57]  J. K Marshall,et al.  Drag measurements in roughness arrays of varying density and distribution , 1971 .

[58]  M. Rotach.  Simulation Of Urban-Scale Dispersion Using A Lagrangian Stochastic Dispersion Model , 2001 .

[59]  H.W.M. Witlox,et al.  Interfacing dispersion models in the HGSYSTEM hazard-assessment package , 1994 .

[60]  Hugh L. Dryden,et al.  Turbulence and Diffusion , 1939 .

[61]  D. J. Hall,et al.  A comparison of results from scaled field and wind tunnel modelling of dispersion in arrays of obstacles , 1998 .

[62]  J A Havens,et al.  Development of an atmospheric dispersion model for heavier-than-air gas mixtures. Volume 1. Final report, September 1980-May 1985 , 1985 .

[63]  J. Counehan,et al.  Wind tunnel determination of the roughness length as a function of the fetch and the roughness density of three-dimensional roughness elements , 1971 .

[64]  R. Stull.  An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology , 1988 .

[65]  Rex Britter,et al.  Workbook on the dispersion of dense gases , 1988 .

[66]  H. Schmid.  Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes , 1994 .

[67]  T. W. Horst.  The Footprint for Estimation of Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Fluxes by Profile Techniques , 1999 .

[68]  Albert A. M. Holtslag,et al.  Simulation of Surface Fluxes and Boundary Layer Development over the Pine Forest in HAPEX-MOBILHY , 1996 .

[69]  Ronald M. Cionco,et al.  High resolution urban morphology data for urban wind flow modeling , 1998 .

[70]  Steven R. Hanna,et al.  Use of the Kit Fox field data to analyze dense gas dispersion modeling issues , 2001 .

[71]  R. Griffiths,et al.  An improved method for the estimation of surface roughness of obstacle arrays , 1998 .

[72]  J. Hunt,et al.  Turbulent diffusion from sources near obstacles with separated wakes —part I. An eddy diffusivity model , 1979 .

[73]  Hiromi Yamazawa,et al.  Aerodynamic roughness over an inhomogeneous ground surface , 1986 .

[74]  J. Garratt.  The Atmospheric Boundary Layer , 1992 .

[75]  Steven R. Hanna,et al.  Guidelines for use of vapor cloud dispersion models , 1987 .