Performance Characterization of Random Pulse Width Modulation Algorithms in Industrial and Commercial Adjustable-Speed Drives

One of the problems of the pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-controlled ac machines is the acoustic noise that could become unacceptable when used in sensitive environments. Random PWM (RPWM) in industrial and commercial adjustable-speed drives (ASD) results in the partial transfer of power from the discrete spectrum (narrowband noise) of the output voltage to the continuous spectrum (wideband noise), with advantageous effects on reducing the acoustic noise in the motor drive system. In this paper, the theoretical power spectrum analysis as the basis for RPWM is presented. Five state-of-the-art RPWM strategies, their voltage, current, and acoustic noise spectra characteristics are quantitatively evaluated. The PWM schemes and theoretical analysis are validated through a 2.2-kW 380-V 50-Hz ASD induction machine experimental setup. The results provide valuable data for practicing engineering community to choose the best option in real-world applications.

[1]  R. Spee,et al.  Current harmonics and acoustic noise in AC adjustable speed drives , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[2]  D. Howe,et al.  Acoustic noise radiated from direct torque controlled induction motor drives , 2000 .

[3]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Determination of mechanical resonances in induction motors by random modulation and acoustic measurement , 1995 .

[4]  E.H. Ismail,et al.  Reduction of EMI in AC Drives Through Dithering Within Limited Switching Frequency Range , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Random modulation techniques with fixed switching frequency for three-phase power converters , 2000 .

[6]  Cristian Lascu,et al.  Shaping of the noise spectrum in power electronic converters , 2010, 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[7]  Juan Ramón Heredia-Larrubia,et al.  Reducing Acoustic Noise Radiated by Inverter-Fed Induction Motors Controlled by a New PWM Strategy , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[8]  Juan Ramón Heredia-Larrubia,et al.  Application of Slope PWM Strategies to Reduce Acoustic Noise Radiated by Inverter-Fed Induction Motors , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski,et al.  Advanced random pulse width modulation technique for voltage-controlled inverter drive systems , 1991, [Proceedings] APEC '91: Sixth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exhibition.

[10]  R. L. Kirlin,et al.  Power spectra of a PWM inverter with randomized pulse position , 1993 .

[11]  Ching Chuen Chan,et al.  Acoustic noise radiated by PWM-controllel induction machine drives , 2000, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[12]  Mihajla Stankovic Aleksandar.  Random pulse modulation with applications to power electronic converters , 1993 .

[13]  Young-Cheol Lim,et al.  A New Hybrid Random PWM Scheme , 2009 .

[14]  S. L. Nau,et al.  Acoustic noise in induction motors: causes and solutions , 2000, Record of Conference Papers. Industry Applications Society Forty-Seventh Annual Conference. 2000 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.00CH37112).

[15]  Young-Cheol Lim,et al.  Reduction of audible switching noise in induction motor drives using random position space vector PWM , 2002 .

[16]  Willy Geysen,et al.  Analysis of the Audible Noise of Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Supplied by Inverters , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[17]  Young-Cheol Lim,et al.  A Two-Phase Separately Randomized Pulse Position PWM (SRP-PWM) Scheme With Low Switching Noise Characteristics Over the Entire Modulation Index , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[18]  G. Narayanan,et al.  Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Advanced Bus-Clamping Pulsewidth Modulation on Motor Acoustic Noise , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[19]  K. Borisov,et al.  A novel random PWM technique with low computational overhead and constant sampling frequency for high-volume, low-cost applications , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[20]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Reduction of Acoustical Noise Emission in AC-Machines by Intelligent Distributed Random Modulation , 1993 .

[21]  Geza Joos,et al.  A discrete random PWM technique for acoustic noise reduction in electric traction drives , 2015, 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[22]  Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski,et al.  Analysis of power and power spectral density in PWM inverters with randomized switching frequency , 2002, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[23]  A. C. Binojkumar,et al.  Acoustic Noise Characterization of Space-Vector Modulated Induction Motor Drives—An Experimental Approach , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[24]  George C. Verghese,et al.  Analysis and synthesis of randomized modulation schemes for power converters , 1993 .

[25]  Geza Joos,et al.  Reduced switching random PWM technique for two-level inverters , 2015, 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[26]  R. L. Kirlin,et al.  Power spectral density analysis of randomly switched pulse width modulation for DC/AC converters , 2000, Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing (Cat. No.00TH8496).

[27]  Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski,et al.  Space vector PWM technique with minimum switching losses and a variable pulse rate [for VSI] , 1997, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[28]  Aleksandar M. Stankovic,et al.  Randomized modulation in power electronic converters , 2002, Proc. IEEE.

[29]  Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski,et al.  Current control for induction motor drives using random PWM , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..