Design Data for Engineering Ceramics: A Review of the Flexure Test

The uniaxial strength of engineering ceramics is often measured by the well-known flexure strength test method there is a risk that flexure data are not representative of the properties of fabricated components. Reliability estimates for components based upon statistical extrapolation techniques from flexure data may not be valid. This paper reviews the problem and judges the usefulness of flexure data for design purposes. It is shown that some of the limitations of flexure data apply; to other modes of testing, including direct tension testing

[1]  Yusuke Katayama And,et al.  Effects of Specimen Size on Strength of Sintered Silicon Nitride , 1982 .

[2]  D. H. Grande,et al.  Tensile behavior of glass/ceramic composite materials at elevated temperatures , 1987 .

[3]  A. R. Rosenfield,et al.  Damage Analysis of Creep in Bending , 1985 .

[4]  David S. Wilkinson,et al.  Effect of Devitrification on Creep Deformation in Glass‐Containing Ceramics , 1988 .

[5]  K. Jakus,et al.  Creep and fracture of a vitreous-bonded aluminium oxide , 1986 .

[6]  Roy W. Rice,et al.  Processing Induced Sources of Mechanical Failure in Ceramics , 1978 .

[7]  G. D. Quinn,et al.  Time‐Dependent High‐Temperature Strength of Sintered α‐SiC , 1980 .

[8]  G. D. Quinn,et al.  Static fatigue and creep resistance of a commercial sialon , 1987 .

[9]  K. Trustrum,et al.  Applicability of Weibull analysis for brittle materials , 1983 .

[10]  George D. Quinn,et al.  Fracture mechanism maps for advanced structural ceramics , 1990 .

[11]  George D. Quinn,et al.  Commentary on U.S. Army Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of High Performance Ceramics at Ambient Temperature , 1985 .

[12]  J. E. Ritter,et al.  Maximum likelihood estimation techniques for concurrent flaw subpopulations , 1985 .

[13]  R. Dirks,et al.  Determination of tensile and compressive creep behaviour of ceramic materials from bend tests , 1978 .

[14]  George D. Quinn,et al.  Errors Associated with Flexure Testing of Brittle Materials , 1987 .

[15]  Sheldon M. Wiederhorn,et al.  Creep deformation of ceramics in four-point bending , 1988 .

[16]  Roy W. Rice,et al.  Limitation and Challenges in Applying Fracture Mechanics to Ceramics , 1983 .

[17]  Theo Fett,et al.  An analysis of the creep of hot pressed silicon nitride in bending , 1988 .

[18]  A. Paluszny,et al.  Probabilistic Aspects of Designing with Ceramics , 1977 .

[19]  K. Trustrum,et al.  Statistical approach to brittle fracture , 1977 .

[20]  Dinesh K. Shetty,et al.  Crack Stability and Strength Distribution of Ceramics That Exhibit Rising Crack‐Growth‐Resistance (R‐Curve) Behavior , 1989 .

[21]  C. A. Johnson Fracture Statistics of Multiple Flaw Distributions , 1983 .

[22]  Fi Baratta,et al.  Requirements for Flexure Testing of Brittle Materials , 1984 .

[23]  George D. Quinn,et al.  Multiaxial strength and stress rupture of hot pressed silicon nitride , 1990 .

[24]  Anthony G. Evans,et al.  Evaluation of a Fundamental Approach for the Statistical Analysis of Fracture , 1978 .

[25]  Tatsuki Ohji,et al.  Towards routine tensile testing , 1988 .

[26]  David Lewis,et al.  An Experimental Test of Weibull Scaling Theory , 1976 .

[27]  R. Morrell Mechanical properties of engineering ceramics: Test bars versus components , 1989 .

[28]  R. Davidge,et al.  Combination of fracture mechanics, probability, and micromechanical models of crack growth in ceramic systems , 1980 .

[29]  J. E. Ritter,et al.  Strength and fatigue parameters for soda-lime glass , 1985 .

[30]  G. W. Hollenberg,et al.  Calculation of Stresses and Strains in Four‐Point Bending Creep Tests , 1971 .

[31]  A. Evans,et al.  Failure Mechanisms in Ceramic‐Fiber/Ceramic‐Matrix Composites , 1985 .

[32]  J. E. Ritter,et al.  Evaluation of Bimodal Concurrent Flaw Distributions , 1981 .

[33]  R. Morrell,et al.  High temperature creep of lithium zinc silicate glass-ceramics , 1973 .

[34]  R. Morrell,et al.  High temperature creep of lithium zinc silicate glass-ceramics , 1973 .

[35]  T. Chuang,et al.  Estimation of power-law creep parameters from bend test data , 1986 .

[36]  George Sines,et al.  Prediction of Delayed Fracture from Crack Coalescence — Alumina , 1986 .

[37]  Kenichi Noguchi,et al.  Strength Analysis of Yttria‐Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals , 1990 .

[38]  T. Fett,et al.  The outer fibre stress in a bending bar under primary creep conditions , 1987 .

[39]  Anthony G. Evans,et al.  Structural Reliability:A Processing‐Dependent Phenomenon , 1982 .

[40]  G. Das,et al.  Microstructures and subcritical crack growth in oxidized hot-pressed Si3N4 , 1982 .

[41]  A. Venkateswaran,et al.  Role of Intergranular Damage‐Induced Decrease in Young's Modulus in the Nonlinear Deformation and Fracture of an Alumina at Elevated Temperatures , 1988 .

[42]  K. Heckel,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE ON THE ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF CERAMIC MATERIALS , 1980 .

[43]  Robert Mantell Williams,et al.  Use of Weibull Statistics to Correlate MOR, Ball‐on‐Ring, and Rotational Fast Fracture Tests , 1983 .

[44]  G. D. Quinn,et al.  Fracture mechanism maps for advanced structural ceramics , 1990 .

[45]  J. K. Tien,et al.  Creep and strain recovery in hot-pressed silicon nitride , 1980 .

[46]  Louis Navias METHODS OF TESTING and THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WET‐PROCESS ELECTRICAL PORCELAIN1 , 1926 .

[47]  H Fessler,et al.  The Unit Strength Concept in the Interpretation of Beam Test Results for Brittle Materials , 1976 .

[48]  R. Morrell,et al.  Fracture Mechanics and Microstructures , 1986 .

[49]  George D. Quinn,et al.  Advanced Structural Ceramics: A Round Robin , 1990 .

[50]  George Sines,et al.  Biaxial and Uniaxial Data for Statistical Comparisons of a Ceramic's Strength , 1979 .

[51]  R. Davidge,et al.  Ceramic matrix fibre composites: Mechanical testing and performance , 1988 .

[52]  H. L. Heinisch,et al.  Weakest Link Theory Reformulated for Arbitrary Fracture Criterion , 1978 .

[53]  Sheldon M. Wiederhorn,et al.  Creep Rupture of Siliconized Silicon Carbide , 1986 .

[54]  C. W. Marschall,et al.  Reduction of Errors in Ceramic Bend Tests. , 1976 .

[55]  David R. Clarke,et al.  Fracture stability, R-curves and strength variability , 1988 .

[56]  R. K. Govila,et al.  High temperature uniaxial tensile stress rupture strength of sintered alpha SiC , 1983 .

[57]  F. H. Riddle,et al.  THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF PORCELAIN1 , 1922 .

[58]  D. E. Niesz,et al.  Strength‐Size Relations in Ceramic Materials: Investigation of an Alumina Ceramic , 1976 .

[59]  M. Mendiratta,et al.  Lifetime prediction of brittle materials having spatial variations in fracture properties KIC and v versus K1 , 1977 .

[60]  T. Fett,et al.  Measurement of transient and stationary creep of HPSN in bending , 1988 .

[61]  G. Grathwohl,et al.  Regimes of Creep and Slow Crack Growth in High-Temperature Rupture of Hot-Pressed Silicon Nitride , 1984 .

[62]  F. Thümmler,et al.  Creep of reaction-bonded silicon nitride , 1978 .

[63]  R. K. Govila,et al.  Uniaxial Tensile and Flexural Stress Rupture Strength of Hot‐Pressed Si3N4 , 1982 .