Benign essential blepharospasm treated with botulinum toxin.

Blepharospasm in 12 patients was graded according to its severity. Six patients also underwent neurological and psychological examinations. All were treated with periocular botulinum toxin injections, and all noted a reduction in spasm severity one week later. The effect lasted 60 to 90 days. The average improvement range was 2 gradations of spasm severity. Complications included a transient ptosis (two patients) and superficial punctate keratopathy (one patient). A psychological component—apparent secondary gain from the blepharospasm—was noted in three patients.

[1]  R. Lingua.  Sequelae of botulinum toxin injection. , 1985, American journal of ophthalmology.

[2]  S. Seiff,et al.  The use of botulinum toxin in blepharospasm. , 1985, American journal of ophthalmology.

[3]  A. B. Scott,et al.  Botulinum A toxin injection as a treatment for blepharospasm. , 1985, Archives of ophthalmology.

[4]  E. Buckley,et al.  Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum toxin. , 1985, American journal of ophthalmology.

[5]  E. Diamond,et al.  Psychological Aspects of Essential Blepharospasm , 1984, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[6]  R. Surwit,et al.  Biofeedback therapy of essential blepharospasm. , 1984, American journal of ophthalmology.

[7]  J. Jankovic,et al.  Blepharospasm: demographic and clinical survey of 250 patients. , 1984, Annals of ophthalmology.

[8]  J. Jankovic,et al.  Blepharospasm and orofacial‐cervical dystonia: Clinical and pharmacological findings in 100 patients , 1983, Annals of neurology.

[9]  J. Jankovic,et al.  Blinking and blepharospasm. Mechanism, diagnosis, and management. , 1982, JAMA.

[10]  R. Anderson,et al.  Blepharospasm surgery. An anatomical approach. , 1981, Archives of ophthalmology.

[11]  J. Cavenar,et al.  Blepharospasm: organic or functional? , 1978, Psychosomatics.

[12]  F. Watson,et al.  The effects of differential section of the VIITH nerve on patients with intractable blepharospasm. , 1976, Transactions. Section on Ophthalmology. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology.

[13]  A. B. Scott,et al.  Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus. , 1981, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.