Visualizing the Fundamental Physics of Rapid Earth Penetration Using Transparent Soils

Abstract : Many new experimental techniques were developed in the course of this effort. Measurements of the resisting stress for soil penetration have been obtained with unprecedented precision and over an unprecedented wide range of impact variables. New transparent surrogates that better mimic the high strain rate behavior of sand have been developed. New DIC analysis techniques have been developed. New ways to visualized in situ movements in sand during penetration have been devised, and have been demonstrated for static and dynamic penetration.