Insect Aerodynamics Near Hovering

A novel force measuring tecHnique, utilizing momentum flow concepts in connection with induced velocity measurements, is applied to insects near hovering. Merits of this approach are discussed in comparison with classic force measurement systems. Hard data are presented on two species of interest, Man­ duca sexta (moth) and the June Beetle. Time-averaged local force coefficients are developed for a wing segment located at two-thirds the wing radius. Corresponding kinematic results obtained from high speed motion pictures are presented.