ARABIC WRITER IDENTIFICATION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this paper we present a survey of the literature on Arabic writer identification scheme and up-to date techniques employed in identification. The paper begins with an overview of the various writer identification schemes in Arabic and Persian languages. After that, an attempt is made to describe the complex character of Arabic strokes. Previous studies have used a number of Arabic datasets comprised of handwritten text samples that have been used over the years aimed to support handwriting recognition. In automated writer identification, two methods of identification are available text independent and text dependent methods. These are the key focus of this paper. For evaluation purposes we have analyzed the Arabic writer identification scheme by comparing the recognition rate of different methods.

[1]  Mohsen Ebrahimi Moghaddam,et al.  A text-independent Persian writer identification based on feature relation graph (FRG) , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[2]  Nicole Vincent,et al.  Text independent writer recognition using redundant writing patterns with contour-based orientation and curvature features , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[3]  Isabelle Guyon,et al.  UNIPEN project of on-line data exchange and recognizer benchmarks , 1994, Proceedings of the 12th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol. 3 - Conference C: Signal Processing (Cat. No.94CH3440-5).

[4]  Ping Zhang,et al.  A novel hybrid classifier for recognition of handwritten numerals , 2000, Smc 2000 conference proceedings. 2000 ieee international conference on systems, man and cybernetics. 'cybernetics evolving to systems, humans, organizations, and their complex interactions' (cat. no.0.

[5]  Mohsen Ebrahimi Moghaddam,et al.  A writer identification method based on XGabor and LCS , 2009, IEICE Electron. Express.

[6]  Lambert Schomaker,et al.  Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification Using Textural and Allographic Features , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[7]  M.E. Moghaddam,et al.  A Text-Independent Persian Writer Identification System Using LCS Based Classifier , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology.

[8]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Feature Selection: Evaluation, Application, and Small Sample Performance , 1997, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[9]  Mohammad Rahmati,et al.  Comparison of Gabor-Based Features for Writer Identification of Farsi/Arabic Handwriting , 2006 .

[10]  Chafic Mokbel,et al.  Combination of HMM-Based Classifiers for the Recognition of Arabic Handwritten Words , 2007, Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007).

[11]  Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara,et al.  Arabic Handwriting Texture Analysis for Writer Identification Using the DWT-Lifting Scheme , 2007, Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007).

[12]  Somaya Al-Máadeed,et al.  QUWI: An Arabic and English Handwriting Dataset for Offline Writer Identification , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[13]  Arcot Sowmya,et al.  Feature Extraction: Issues, New Features, and Symbolic Representation , 1999, VISUAL.

[14]  Somaya Al-Máadeed,et al.  A data base for Arabic handwritten text recognition research , 2002, Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[15]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[16]  Tieniu Tan,et al.  Writer Identification Using Dynamic Features , 2004, ICBA.

[17]  Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara,et al.  Writer Identification Using Modular MLP Classifier and Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Features Selection , 2006, ISNN.

[18]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  Writer identification using edge-based directional features , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[19]  Rohit Prasad,et al.  Improvements in HMM Adaptation for Handwriting Recognition Using Writer Identification and Duration Adaptation , 2010, 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[20]  Mohammad Alshayeb,et al.  KHATT: An open Arabic offline handwritten text database , 2014, Pattern Recognit..

[21]  Cong Shen,et al.  Writer identification using Gabor wavelet , 2002, Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (Cat. No.02EX527).

[22]  Horst Bunke,et al.  Using HMM based recognizers for writer identification and verification , 2004, Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[23]  Y.Y. Tang,et al.  Chinese handwriting-based writer identification by texture analysis , 2004, Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826).

[24]  S. Gazzah,et al.  Arabic Handwriting Texture Analysis for Writer Identification Using the DWT-Lifting Scheme , 2007 .

[25]  Xinge You,et al.  Offline Arabic Handwriting Identification Using Language Diacritics , 2010, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[26]  M. Pechwitz,et al.  IFN/ENIT: database of handwritten arabic words , 2002 .

[27]  Nicole Vincent,et al.  Writer Identification in Handwritten Documents , 2007, Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007).

[28]  Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara,et al.  Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines Classifiers for Writer Identification Using Arabic Script , 2008, Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol..

[29]  Mohsen Ebrahimi Moghaddam,et al.  Persian Writer Identification Using Extended Gabor Filter , 2008, ICIAR.

[30]  Tieniu Tan,et al.  Writer identification based on handwriting , 1998 .

[31]  Alireza Khotanzad,et al.  Classification of invariant image representations using a neural network , 1990, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[32]  Horst Bunke,et al.  Recognition of cursive Roman handwriting: past, present and future , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[33]  Somaya Al-Máadeed,et al.  Text-Dependent Writer Identification for Arabic Handwriting , 2012, J. Electr. Comput. Eng..

[34]  Sherif Abdelazeem,et al.  A Two-Stage System for Arabic Handwritten Digit Recognition Tested on a New Large Database , 2007, Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition.

[35]  Lewis D. Griffin,et al.  Writer identification using oriented Basic Image Features and the Delta encoding , 2014, Pattern Recognit..

[36]  Horst Bunke,et al.  Creation of classifier ensembles for handwritten word recognition using feature selection algorithms , 2002, Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[37]  R. Ward,et al.  A new comprehensive database of handwritten Arabic words, numbers, and signatures used for OCR testing , 1999, Engineering Solutions for the Next Millennium. 1999 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (Cat. No.99TH8411).

[38]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A Novel Comprehensive Database for Arabic Off-Line Handwriting Recognition , 2008 .

[39]  Labiba Souici-Meslati,et al.  Codebook for Writer Characterization: A Vocabulary of Patterns or a Mere Representation Space? , 2013, 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[40]  A. Diop Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology , 2012 .

[41]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Databases for recognition of handwritten Arabic cheques , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[42]  Nicole Vincent,et al.  Feature relevance analysis for writer identification , 2011, Electronic Imaging.

[43]  Labiba Souici-Meslati,et al.  Writer Recognition on Arabic Handwritten Documents , 2012, ICISP.

[44]  Zhenyu He,et al.  A contourlet-based method for writer identification , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.

[45]  Vassilis Anastassopoulos,et al.  Methods for writer identification , 1996, Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems.

[46]  Laurence Likforman-Sulem,et al.  Combination of HMM-Based Classifiers for the Recognition of Arabic Handwritten Words , 2007 .

[47]  Lambert Schomaker,et al.  Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification on Offline Arabic Handwriting , 2007 .