Renewable energy is frequently promoted to improve sustainability and low carbonization of energy systems. However, high penetration of renewable energy by technologies such as photovoltaics (PV) decreases power generation from thermal power plants. As a result, supply and demand balancing capabilities can be reduced overall in power systems. Therefore, the capability of residential batteries in balancing supply and demand (particularly demand) is expected to contribute toward the preparation for massive introduction of renewable energy power generation. This work develops a residential battery optimum operation scheduling model using mixed integer linear programming for leveling a system load. Through the use of this model it can be determined whether many batteries can level the whole system load without sharing information on each battery state. It was found that the system load could be leveled effectively when batteries are charged by a lower power than by the rated power.
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