The gradient tensor of potential field anomalies: Some implications on data collection and data processing of maps

The full gradient tensor is presently not measured routinely onboard airplanes or on land. This paper describes some improvements that can be made in strategies of data collection and in processing of potential field maps if such tensor measurements were available. We suggest that, in addition to producing for example standard total field anomaly maps, the invariants of the tensor be mapped. Strikes of magnetic or gravimetric structures may be determined from minimizing the power in the first row and column of the tensor. Invariants can be looked upon as nonlinear filters enhancing sources with big volumes. Their lateral resolution is superior to that of the field proper and, for a given resolution, the flight altitude and separation between flight lines can be increased compared with the standard mode of operation. In airborne surveys the distance between flight lines is normally much larger than the height above the ground. This may introduce severe aliasing effects in the direction perpendicular to the...