Retroversion of the Acetabular Dome after Salter and Triple Pelvic Osteotomy for Congenital Dislocation of the Hip

Retroversion of the acetabular dome has been associated with hip pain and osteoarthritis in several studies. Nevertheless, this acetabular alignment received little attention when studying the radiological outcome of pelvic osteotomies in childhood. We therefore reviewed the charts and X-rays of 73 patients with congenital dislocations, who underwent 97 pelvic osteotomies in childhood. We focussed our attention on anterior overcoverage or retroversion of the acetabular dome, respectively. Eighty-six Salter and 11 LeCoeur osteotomies were performed on patients with a mean age of 4.8 years. The mean age at last X-ray documentation was 16.5 years. The version of the acetabular dome was estimated qualitatively from the relationship of the anterior and posterior border to each other and measured semiquantitatively using templates developed by Hefti. According to Lequesne's criteria 94% of the hips were normal or borderline at maturity. A retroverted acetabular dome was present in 27% and averaged −15°. It was more frequent (60% versus 24%) and more pronounced (−16° versus +5°) after Le Coeur's than after Salter's osteotomy and in the residually dysplastic hips (83% versus 22%; −15° versus +3°). It is suggested that anterior overcoverage of the femoral head results from ignorance, when choosing the type and performing the pelvic osteotomy, of where coverage needs to be improved in an individual hip. We question the long-term outcome of these hips because such rotational misalignment has been suggested to be associated with early hip pain and osteoarthritis. In order to avoid such misalignment, preoperative evaluation of where coverage needs to be improved in an individual hip and efforts for better intraoperative control of acetabular reorientation should be made.