Multi-objective optimization for bus body with strength and rollover safety constraints based on surrogate models

It is important to consider the performances of lightweight, stiffness, strength and rollover safety when designing a bus body. In this paper, the finite element (FE) analysis models including strength, stiffness and rollover crashworthiness of a bus body are first built and then validated by physical tests. Based on the FE models, the design of experiment is implemented and multiple surrogate models are created with response surface method and hybrid radial basis function according to the experimental data. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) of the bus body is formulated in which the objective is to minimize the weight and maximize the torsional stiffness of the bus body under the constraints of strength and rollover safety. The MOP is solved by employing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms to obtain the Pareto optimal set. Finally, an optimal solution of the set is chosen as the final design and compared with the original design.

[1]  Xu Wang,et al.  Multi-objective topology and sizing optimization of truss structures based on adaptive multi-island search strategy , 2011 .

[2]  Claus B. W. Pedersen,et al.  Crashworthiness design of transient frame structures using topology optimization , 2004 .

[3]  Masaki Saito,et al.  Development of aluminum body for the most fuel efficient vehicle , 2000 .

[4]  Marco Laumanns,et al.  SPEA2: Improving the strength pareto evolutionary algorithm , 2001 .

[5]  Nickolas Vlahopoulos,et al.  An integrated multidisciplinary particle swarm optimization approach to conceptual ship design , 2010 .

[6]  T. Simpson,et al.  Comparative studies of metamodelling techniques under multiple modelling criteria , 2001 .

[7]  Thiagarajan Krishnamurthy,et al.  Response Surface Approximation with Augmented and Compactly Supported Radial Basis Functions , 2003 .

[8]  Kalyanmoy Deb,et al.  A Local Search Based Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization Approach for Fast and Accurate Convergence , 2008, PPSN.

[9]  L. Nilsson,et al.  On polynomial response surfaces and Kriging for use in structural optimization of crashworthiness , 2005 .

[10]  Tomas Jansson,et al.  Using the response surface methodology and the D-optimality criterion in crashworthiness related problems , 2002 .

[11]  J. Neter,et al.  Applied Linear Regression Models , 1983 .

[12]  Mehmet A. Guler,et al.  The influence of seat structure and passenger weight on the rollover crashworthiness of an intercity coach , 2007 .

[13]  Sheng Chen,et al.  Regularized orthogonal least squares algorithm for constructing radial basis function networks , 1996 .

[14]  Qing Li,et al.  Multiobjective optimization for crash safety design of vehicles using stepwise regression model , 2008 .

[15]  Hu Wang,et al.  Time-based metamodeling technique for vehicle crashworthiness optimization , 2010 .

[16]  Jeong‐Soo Park.  Optimal Latin-hypercube designs for computer experiments , 1994 .

[17]  Martin J. Oates,et al.  The Pareto Envelope-Based Selection Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimisation , 2000, PPSN.

[18]  Abdullah Al Mamun,et al.  An evolutionary artificial immune system for multi-objective optimization , 2008, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[19]  Jooyoung Park,et al.  Approximation and Radial-Basis-Function Networks , 1993, Neural Computation.

[20]  S.-J. Park,et al.  Rollover analysis for the body section structure of a large bus using beam and non-linear spring elements , 2008 .

[21]  Maoguo Gong,et al.  Multiobjective Immune Algorithm with Nondominated Neighbor-Based Selection , 2008, Evolutionary Computation.

[22]  Ken J. Craig,et al.  Automotive crashworthiness design using response surface‐based variable screening and optimization , 2005 .

[23]  S. Laxman,et al.  Achieving Light-Weight Design of Automotive Bodies with Advanced High Strength Steels via Structural Optimization , 2009 .

[24]  R. Haftka,et al.  Response surface approximations for structural optimization , 1996 .

[25]  C B W Pedersen.  Topology optimization for crashworthiness of frame structures , 2003 .

[26]  Nielen Stander,et al.  MDO OF AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE FOR CRASHWORTHINESS AND NVH USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODS , 2002 .

[27]  Daniel Muller Spinelli,et al.  Frame Structure Optimization for Bus Chassis , 2002 .

[28]  L Martínez,et al.  Improving occupant safety in coach rollover , 2003 .

[29]  L. Nilsson,et al.  Topology optimization in crashworthiness design , 2006 .

[30]  English Only.  Economic Commission for Europe , 2012 .

[31]  Masoud Rais-Rohani,et al.  A comparative study of metamodeling methods for multiobjective crashworthiness optimization , 2005 .

[32]  Carlos A. Coello Coello,et al.  Handling multiple objectives with particle swarm optimization , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[33]  Kalyanmoy Deb,et al.  A Fast Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimisation: NSGA-II , 2000, PPSN.

[34]  F Lan,et al.  Comparative analysis for bus side structures and lightweight optimization , 2004 .

[35]  J. Sobieszczanski-Sobieski,et al.  Optimization of car body under constraints of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), and crash , 2001 .