Collective Actions in Three Types of Continuous Public Goods Games in Spatial Networks

Collective action in the provision of pubic goods is analyzed in the framework of three kinds of public goods dilemmas routinely encountered in real-life situations. We study the evolution of cooperation in structured populations within three PGG models: the traditional public goods game (PGG), complementary public goods game (PPGG) and containable public goods game (TPGG), differing in supplying patterns of public goods. In addition, we extend the combination of dual strategy (cooperation and defection) to a portfolio of multiple strategies. We reveal that, is a fundamental property promoting cooperation in groups of selfish individuals, irrespective of which social dilemma applies. For a parallel comparison, it is found that the system in PGG and PPGG can perform comparatively better than TPGG, which reduces the provision of the public goods. Our study can be helpful in effectively portraying the characteristics of cooperative dilemmas in real social systems.

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