An analogue and propositional hybrid model for the perception of computer generated graphical images

Abstract This research investigated two alternative models, analogue and propositional, which describe how three-dimensional (3-D) graphical images are represented and stored in human memory. In order to differentiate between the two models, three separate experiments were performed using a variation of the Shepard-Metzler mental rotation paradigm (Shepard and Metzler 1971). For each experiment, the effects of three independent variables on the performance of a ‘mental rotation’ task were examined: (a) three levels of figure complexity, ( b) three axes of rotation and (c) four angles of rotation. The subjects' task was to compare specific angle, axis or depth versus picture plane rotations for pairs (rotated and non-rotated versions) of 3-D graphic figures displayed on a CRT. The results indicated that response times varied depending on level of figure complexity, axis or angle of rotation. A new hybrid model integrating components of both the analogue and propositional positions is proposed to explain th...

[1]  R. Shepard,et al.  Perceptual illusion of rotation of three-dimensional objects. , 1976, Science.

[2]  R. Shepard,et al.  The time required to prepare for a rotated stimulus , 1973, Memory & cognition.

[3]  P. Johnson-Laird.  Mental models , 1989 .

[4]  J. Hochberg,et al.  The effect of landmark features on mental rotation times , 1977, Memory & cognition.

[5]  Woodrow Barfield,et al.  The Mental Rotation and Perceived Realism of Computer-Generated Three-Dimensional Images , 1988, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[6]  J. Hochberg,et al.  A quantitative approach to figural "goodness". , 1953, Journal of experimental psychology.

[7]  John R. Anderson.  Arguments concerning representations for mental imagery. , 1978 .

[8]  James D. Foley,et al.  Fundamentals of interactive computer graphics , 1982 .

[9]  John R. Anderson.  Retrieval of propositional information from long-term memory , 1974 .

[10]  J. H. Steiger,et al.  Nonholistic processing in mental rotation: Some suggestive evidence , 1982, Perception & psychophysics.

[11]  J. G. Hollands,et al.  Engineering Psychology and Human Performance , 1984 .

[12]  F. Attneave,et al.  Apparent movement in tridimensional space , 1973 .

[13]  Z. Pylyshyn,et al.  The rate of “mental rotation” of images: A test of a holistic analogue hypothesis , 1979, Memory & cognition.

[14]  CHAPTER 5 – PERCEPTION AND ORIENTATION , 1965 .

[15]  Woodrow Barfleld,et al.  Perceptual and Cognitive Aspects of Three-Dimensional Rotations for Computer Aided Design (CAD) Systems , 1985 .

[16]  R. Shepard,et al.  Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects , 1971, Science.

[17]  R. Shepard,et al.  Transformational studies of the internal representation of three-dimensional objects. , 1974 .

[18]  Gavriel Salvendy,et al.  Human aspects of computer-aided design , 1987 .

[19]  J. H. Steiger,et al.  Long-term memory and mental rotation. , 1983, Canadian journal of psychology.

[20]  Kellogg S. Booth,et al.  On the Parameters of Human Visual Performance: An Investigation of the Benefits of Antialiasing , 1987, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[21]  L. Cooper.  Mental rotation of random two-dimensional shapes , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[22]  L. Cooper,et al.  Mental transformations and visual comparison processes: effects of complexity and similarity. , 1976, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[23]  F ATTNEAVE,et al.  The quantitative study of shape and pattern perception. , 1956, Psychological bulletin.

[24]  Guy J. Groen,et al.  A propositional analyst’s assistant , 1984 .

[25]  R. Sekuler,et al.  Speed of size scaling in human vision , 1972 .

[26]  Kellogg S. Booth,et al.  On the parameters of human visual performance: an investigation of the benefits of antialiasing , 1987, CHI 1987.

[27]  M. Bryden,et al.  An investigation of sex differences in spatial ability: mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. , 1977, Canadian journal of psychology.

[28]  M. Corballis,et al.  Winding one's ps and qs: mental rotation and mirror-image discrimination. , 1984, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.